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Zorgo, situated in the Plateau-Central region of Burkina Faso at coordinates 12.2500°N, -0.6167°W, is a rapidly growing urban centre with a population of approximately 35,406. The city occupies a relatively flat terrain characteristic of the broader Plateau Central, an elevated plateau averaging between 300-600 meters above sea level. This elevation moderates temperatures somewhat, but doesn’t eliminate the influence of the surrounding Sahelian climate. Zorgo’s location is inland, with no major bodies of water immediately adjacent, though it lies within the drainage basin of the Volta River system. The surrounding landscape is predominantly savannah grassland, interspersed with agricultural zones focused on subsistence farming – primarily millet, sorghum, and maize. A noticeable urban-rural gradient exists, with agricultural activity intensifying as one moves away from the city centre. Air quality is intrinsically linked to this landscape; dust from agricultural practices and unpaved roads contributes significantly to particulate matter. The lack of significant industrial belts within Zorgo itself means that local emissions are largely from transport, domestic fuel burning (wood and charcoal), and waste management practices. The prevailing winds, influenced by the Harmattan from the northeast during the dry season, can transport dust plumes over considerable distances, impacting air quality in Zorgo.

Zorgo experiences a distinct wet and dry season, heavily influencing its air quality. The dry season, roughly November to April, is characterised by the Harmattan wind, bringing significant amounts of Saharan dust. This leads to consistently elevated particulate matter levels, peaking between January and March. Low humidity and temperature inversions during cooler nights exacerbate the problem, trapping pollutants near the ground. Outdoor activity should be limited during these months, particularly for those with respiratory conditions. The transition period, April-May, sees increasing rainfall and a temporary improvement in air quality as dust is washed away. The wet season, June to October, generally offers the best air quality, with frequent rainfall suppressing dust and diluting pollutants. However, increased humidity can promote mould growth, potentially triggering allergies. September and October, towards the end of the wet season, can see a slight increase in localised pollution from increased biomass burning for land preparation. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory illnesses – should be particularly cautious during the dry season and monitor their health closely. Avoiding peak traffic hours and using masks when exposed to dust can offer some protection.