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Jastrebarsko, nestled within Zagrebačka Županija, Croatia, occupies a geographically significant position at the crossroads of several key regional features. Located approximately 35 kilometers southwest of Zagreb, the nation’s capital, it sits within a gently undulating landscape characterized by karst terrain, a typical feature of the Dinaric Alps extending southward. The town’s elevation averages around 138 meters above sea level, contributing to localized microclimates and influencing air circulation patterns. Surrounding Jastrebarsko is a mosaic of agricultural land, primarily dedicated to arable farming and livestock rearing, alongside pockets of deciduous forest. The Cetina River, a vital waterway, flows nearby, moderating temperatures and providing a potential pathway for pollutant transport, though its influence is generally limited due to the river's relatively slow flow in this area. Historically, the region has seen some light industrial activity, primarily related to food processing and timber, though these are not major contributors to widespread pollution. The urban–rural gradient around Jastrebarsko is gradual, with smaller villages and agricultural fields seamlessly blending into the town’s periphery. This proximity to agricultural zones means that seasonal agricultural practices, such as fertilizer application and burning of crop residues (though increasingly regulated), can occasionally impact local air quality. The town’s location within a valley, while offering scenic beauty, can also trap pollutants under certain meteorological conditions, particularly during periods of temperature inversion. The prevailing winds generally originate from the northwest, influencing the dispersal of any localized emissions.

Jastrebarsko’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal rhythm dictated by meteorological patterns. Spring (March-May) often brings a noticeable improvement as temperatures rise and winds strengthen, dispersing accumulated winter pollutants. However, agricultural activities, including the spreading of fertilizers and occasional controlled burns, can introduce localized spikes in ammonia and particulate matter. Summer (June-August) typically sees relatively good air quality, with consistent winds and high temperatures promoting dispersion. Heatwaves, however, can lead to stagnant air and increased ozone formation, particularly during sunny days. Autumn (September-November) presents a more complex picture. While wind patterns remain generally favorable, cooler temperatures can lead to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants close to the ground, especially in the mornings. Agricultural activities continue, contributing to localized emissions. The most challenging period is winter (December-February). Cold, stable air masses frequently lead to prolonged temperature inversions, significantly reducing vertical mixing and trapping pollutants released from residential heating (primarily wood and coal) and any remaining industrial sources. Fog, common during these months, further exacerbates the problem by absorbing pollutants. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor exertion during periods of fog and temperature inversions, particularly in the early morning hours. Increased ventilation in homes is advisable, and the use of efficient heating systems is encouraged to minimize emissions. Monitoring local weather forecasts for inversion warnings is crucial for informed decision-making regarding outdoor activities.