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Sveti Ivan Zelina, nestled within Zagrebačka Županija, Croatia, occupies a geographically significant position just southwest of Zagreb, the nation's capital. Its coordinates (45.9500, 16.2333) place it within a gently undulating landscape, characterized by fertile plains and rolling hills, a typical feature of the Pannonian Basin. The town sits at an elevation of approximately 138 meters (453 feet) above sea level, contributing to a relatively mild climate but also influencing local air circulation patterns. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with extensive fields of maize, wheat, and other crops, interspersed with orchards and vineyards – a defining characteristic of the region. To the east, the slopes of the Moslavina mountain range provide a backdrop, influencing prevailing wind directions. Sveti Ivan Zelina exhibits a clear urban–rural gradient; while it possesses a defined urban core with residential and commercial areas, it seamlessly blends into the surrounding agricultural land, minimizing the sharp delineation often seen in larger cities. The Sava River, though not directly adjacent, flows within a reasonable distance, impacting humidity levels and potentially influencing the dispersion of pollutants. The proximity to Zagreb, a major industrial and transportation hub, means Sveti Ivan Zelina is indirectly affected by regional pollution sources, particularly during periods of stagnant air. The town’s location within a basin can exacerbate the trapping of pollutants, especially during temperature inversions, a common occurrence in the Pannonian climate.

Sveti Ivan Zelina’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by meteorological conditions. Spring (March-May) often brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, dispersing accumulated winter pollutants. However, agricultural activities, including fertilizer application and field preparation, can introduce localized emissions. Summer (June-August) typically sees relatively good air quality, aided by consistent winds and higher mixing heights, though heatwaves can lead to stagnant conditions and ozone formation. Autumn (September-November) presents a more complex picture. While wind patterns generally remain favourable, the burning of agricultural residues, a traditional practice in the region, can significantly degrade air quality, particularly in October and November. This practice, while economically important to farmers, releases particulate matter and other pollutants. Winter (December-February) is often the most challenging period. Cold, stable air masses frequently lead to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants close to the ground. Fog, common during these months, further exacerbates the problem by reducing visibility and hindering dispersion. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during periods of prolonged fog or stagnant air, especially in the mornings. Agricultural workers should be mindful of exposure during autumn burning and take appropriate precautions. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can also be beneficial during periods of elevated pollution.