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Blansko, nestled in the Jihomoravský Kraj (South Moravian Region) of the Czech Republic, occupies a distinctive geographical position within the Moravian Karst. The city is built within a rolling landscape of limestone hills and deep valleys, carved by the Blanice River, a tributary of the Jihlava River. Its coordinates (49.3631, 16.6431) place it approximately 20km northeast of Brno, the region’s major urban centre, and within a broader agricultural zone dominated by arable land and vineyards. The terrain’s undulating nature, with elevations ranging from approximately 270m to 400m, significantly influences local air circulation patterns, creating pockets where pollutants can accumulate. Historically, Blansko developed around limestone quarries and a textile industry, legacies that continue to shape its economic profile and, potentially, its air quality. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, transitioning quickly to open farmland and forested hills. This proximity to agricultural activities introduces potential sources of particulate matter from field work and fertilizer use. The valley location, while scenic, can exacerbate temperature inversions, trapping pollutants during stable atmospheric conditions. The prevailing winds, generally from the west, can transport pollutants from the Brno industrial area, impacting Blansko’s air quality.

Blansko’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Winter, from November to February, typically sees the poorest air quality. Low temperatures and frequent temperature inversions trap emissions from domestic heating – primarily coal and wood burning – within the valley. Calm wind conditions further exacerbate this, leading to increased concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). Spring (March-May) brings gradual improvement as temperatures rise and wind speeds increase, dispersing pollutants. However, agricultural activities, such as field preparation and fertilization, can contribute to localised dust and ammonia levels. Summer (June-August) generally offers the cleanest air, with prevailing winds and higher mixing heights effectively diluting emissions. However, occasional heatwaves can lead to increased ozone formation. Autumn (September-October) sees a return to poorer conditions as heating demand increases and atmospheric stability returns. Months to avoid strenuous outdoor activity for sensitive groups are December, January, and February. Individuals with respiratory conditions, the elderly, and young children should be particularly cautious during these periods. Monitoring pollen levels is also important during spring and summer. Overall, Blansko’s air quality is heavily influenced by meteorological conditions and seasonal heating patterns.