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Las Terrenas, nestled on the northeastern coast of the Dominican Republic within the Cibao Nordeste province, presents a unique geographic setting influencing its air quality. Situated at coordinates 19.3200, -69.5300, the city sprawls along a crescent-shaped bay, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean. The terrain is predominantly hilly, transitioning from the coastal plains to the foothills of the Cordillera Septentrional mountains inland. This topography creates localized wind patterns and potential for temperature inversions, trapping pollutants. The urban character is a blend of tourism-driven development and traditional Dominican life, with a growing population of 18,829. Surrounding Las Terrenas are extensive coconut plantations and agricultural lands, contributing to potential particulate matter from farming activities, particularly during dry periods when fields are cleared. While not heavily industrialized, the increasing construction related to tourism adds to dust and emissions. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with denser development concentrated along the coast and more dispersed settlements further inland. Proximity to the ocean provides some natural ventilation, but also introduces sea salt aerosols, which can contribute to air quality complexities. The prevailing trade winds play a crucial role in dispersing pollutants, but their effectiveness varies with seasonal shifts.

Las Terrenas experiences a distinct wet and dry season, profoundly impacting air quality. The dry season, typically from February to April, sees a peak in particulate matter. Reduced rainfall means less atmospheric cleansing, and agricultural burning for land preparation becomes more common, releasing smoke and ash. Stronger trade winds during this period can transport pollutants from other areas of the island, exacerbating the issue. Conversely, the wet season, from May to November, generally offers improved air quality. Frequent rainfall washes away pollutants, and increased humidity suppresses dust. However, the wet season also brings the potential for localized flooding, which can stir up mold and allergens. September and October, coinciding with the peak of the Atlantic hurricane season, can experience periods of stagnant air and increased humidity, potentially trapping pollutants. December to January represents a transitional period with generally favourable conditions. For individuals with respiratory sensitivities, avoiding outdoor exertion during the driest months is advisable. Monitoring local conditions and staying indoors during periods of high wind or visible haze is recommended. The consistent humidity throughout the year also fosters mold growth, requiring vigilance in maintaining indoor air quality.