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Godē, situated in the Sumalē region of southeastern Ethiopia, occupies a strategic position in the Horn of Africa at coordinates 5.9527°N, 43.5516°E. This city of 350,000 residents lies within the Somali Regional State, characterized by semi-arid lowlands that transition from the Ethiopian Highlands to the east. The terrain around Godē is predominantly flat to gently rolling plains, with an elevation of approximately 500 meters above sea level, placing it in a transitional zone between the more elevated interior and the coastal lowlands near the Indian Ocean. Proximity to the Dawa River basin, part of the larger Juba River system, provides limited water resources but does not significantly moderate the arid climate. The urban-rural gradient is stark, with Godē serving as a commercial and administrative hub surrounded by pastoral and subsistence agricultural zones, where livestock rearing and small-scale farming dominate. This setting influences air quality through dust generation from unpaved roads and dry soils, compounded by urban emissions from vehicle exhaust, residential biomass burning for cooking and heating, and occasional industrial activities. The city's location in a basin-like topography can trap pollutants under stable atmospheric conditions, while its distance from major industrial belts means pollution is primarily localized rather than regionally transported. Surrounding landscapes of acacia scrubland and savannah contribute seasonal biomass burning during dry periods, further impacting air quality.

In Godē, air quality fluctuates seasonally due to climatic and human factors, with the city experiencing a tropical semi-arid climate marked by distinct wet and dry periods. During the dry season from December to March, pollution peaks as low humidity and minimal rainfall allow dust from unpaved surfaces and agricultural fields to remain airborne, exacerbated by increased biomass burning for heating. Calm winds and temperature inversions at night can trap pollutants near the ground, making early mornings particularly hazy. Sensitive groups, such as those with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activities during these months, especially in the late evening and early morning when inversion layers are strongest. The long rains from April to June bring temporary relief, as precipitation washes particulate matter from the air, though humidity can occasionally lead to fog that mixes with urban emissions. July to September sees a brief dry spell where dust levels rise again, but moderate winds from the southeast help disperse pollutants. The short rains in October and November further cleanse the air, making this period favourable for outdoor activities. Throughout the year, weather hazards are minimal, but the lack of consistent monsoon systems means pollution management relies heavily on local emission controls. Health guidance emphasizes staying indoors during peak dust events, using air purifiers if available, and monitoring local weather reports for wind patterns that might improve air quality.