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Bois-Guillaume, nestled in the heart of Normandy, France, occupies a strategically significant position just southwest of Rouen, the regional capital. Its coordinates (49.4614, 1.1092) place it within a gently undulating landscape, characterized by fertile plains and the meandering Seine River, which forms its southern boundary. The terrain is predominantly flat, facilitating urban development and minimizing elevation-related air circulation complexities. Bois-Guillaume’s urban character is distinctly suburban, exhibiting a blend of residential areas, light industrial zones, and green spaces, reflecting its role as a commuter town for Rouen. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of agricultural fields – primarily dedicated to cereal crops and livestock grazing – interspersed with pockets of woodland and orchards, typical of the Norman countryside. This proximity to agricultural zones introduces potential sources of ammonia and particulate matter, particularly during harvesting and fertilizer application. The urban–rural gradient is relatively smooth, with the influence of Rouen’s industrial belt, located further northeast, subtly impacting air quality. The Seine River, while providing a scenic backdrop, can also contribute to localized humidity and fog formation, potentially trapping pollutants under certain meteorological conditions. The city’s location within the broader Seine Valley, a historically significant transportation corridor, means it is subject to regional air pollution patterns, influenced by prevailing winds and industrial activity across the valley. The relatively low elevation and flat topography limit natural dispersion of pollutants, making the city susceptible to stagnation events.

Bois-Guillaume’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal rhythm dictated by meteorological patterns. Spring (March-May) often brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, dispersing accumulated winter pollutants. However, agricultural activities intensify during this period, leading to elevated ammonia levels from fertilizer use and livestock farming, impacting local air quality. Summer (June-August) typically sees the best air quality, with consistent winds and sunshine promoting good ventilation. Heatwaves, however, can trigger temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground, particularly in the evenings. Autumn (September-November) presents a more complex picture. While wind patterns generally remain favourable, the increased use of domestic heating, especially wood-burning stoves, contributes to particulate matter pollution. Fog, common during autumn mornings, exacerbates this issue by trapping pollutants. Winter (December-February) is generally the most challenging season. Cold temperatures and frequent temperature inversions lead to stagnant air conditions, allowing pollutants to accumulate. The combination of domestic heating, vehicle emissions, and reduced wind speeds results in the highest potential for poor air quality. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit prolonged outdoor activity during winter mornings and on days with visible fog or temperature inversions. During the agricultural seasons, minimizing exposure near fields during peak activity is advisable. Maintaining well-ventilated indoor spaces and avoiding wood-burning stoves on high-pollution days are also recommended.