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Fécamp, nestled in the Normandy region of France at coordinates 49.7600° N, 0.3800° E, presents a unique geographic setting influencing its air quality. The city is situated on the English Channel coast, directly impacted by maritime winds and weather systems. Its terrain is characterised by rolling chalk cliffs and a relatively low elevation, averaging around 20-50 meters above sea level, contributing to limited atmospheric dispersion. Fécamp’s urban character is a blend of historic port activity and residential areas, with a noticeable concentration of activity around the harbour. Surrounding Fécamp is a landscape dominated by agricultural land, primarily dedicated to dairy farming and apple orchards, alongside pockets of woodland. The proximity to the sea introduces salt spray and marine aerosols into the air, while agricultural practices can contribute to ammonia emissions. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, transitioning quickly from the denser city centre to the open countryside. Historically, Fécamp was a significant centre for the Benedictine liqueur industry, and while industrial activity has diversified, remnants of past industrial processes and associated emissions remain a consideration. The prevailing winds, generally from the southwest, carry pollutants both from inland sources and across the Channel, impacting local air quality.

Fécamp’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Winter (December-February) often sees poorer air quality due to temperature inversions trapping pollutants near the ground, combined with increased residential heating using wood and fossil fuels. Calm, damp conditions exacerbate this, leading to higher concentrations of particulate matter. Spring (March-May) brings improvement as winds increase and vegetation begins to absorb pollutants, though agricultural activity can contribute to ammonia spikes. Summer (June-August) generally offers the cleanest air, benefiting from strong sea breezes and higher temperatures promoting dispersion. However, increased tourist activity and associated traffic can locally elevate nitrogen dioxide levels. Autumn (September-November) is a transitional period, with declining temperatures and increased rainfall. Fog, common during autumn mornings, can trap pollutants, reducing visibility and impacting respiratory health. Sensitive individuals, such as those with asthma or heart conditions, should be particularly cautious during winter and autumn. Avoiding strenuous outdoor activity on still, cold days is advisable. Monitoring local forecasts and being aware of agricultural practices during spring can also help mitigate exposure. The consistent maritime influence moderates extremes, but localised pollution events are still possible.