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Doura, situated in the Kankan region of Guinea at coordinates 12.0167°N, -9.0167°W, is a town deeply embedded within the Guinean Highlands. The terrain is characterised by undulating hills and plateaus, a landscape sculpted by centuries of weathering and the flow of seasonal rivers. With a population of approximately 18,675, Doura’s urban character is largely defined by its role as a regional market centre and agricultural hub. The surrounding landscape is predominantly savannah woodland, transitioning into denser forest cover further north and east. The Niger River lies to the east, though not immediately adjacent, influencing regional humidity patterns. Doura’s elevation, while not extreme, contributes to temperature variations and potential for localised temperature inversions. Air quality is significantly impacted by its location within a region heavily reliant on subsistence agriculture, with widespread burning of vegetation for land clearing and crop residue disposal. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with limited heavy industry within Doura itself, but increasing agricultural activity and associated smoke plumes in the surrounding areas. Dust from unpaved roads and construction also contributes to particulate matter concentrations, particularly during the dry season. The town’s position within a broader zone of seasonal rainfall patterns dictates much of its environmental behaviour.

Doura experiences a distinct wet and dry season, profoundly influencing its air quality. The dry season, roughly November to April, is characterised by low humidity, increased dust from agricultural activities and unpaved roads, and a concentration of smoke from bushfires used for land preparation. This period typically sees the poorest air quality, with particulate matter levels rising significantly. January and February are often the most challenging months for respiratory health. The transition to the wet season, around May, brings a temporary improvement as rainfall washes away dust and suppresses fires. However, increased humidity can also foster mould growth, impacting indoor air quality. The wet season, spanning June to October, generally offers the best air quality, with consistent rainfall suppressing dust and smoke. However, localised flooding can exacerbate mould issues. August and September, while wet, can experience periods of stagnant air, trapping pollutants. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor exposure during the dry season and take precautions during periods of stagnant air in the wet season. Monitoring local fire activity is crucial for proactive health management.