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Kouroussa, nestled within the Kankan region of Guinea, occupies a significant position in the country’s southeastern landscape. Located at approximately 10.6530°N latitude and 9.8920°W longitude, the city is situated on the edge of the savanna belt, transitioning towards the more forested areas further south. The terrain is generally undulating, characterized by low hills and plateaus, typical of the Guinean Highlands. The city’s elevation, while not dramatically high, contributes to localized temperature variations. Kouroussa is positioned near the Niger River, though not directly on its banks, influencing humidity levels and potentially contributing to localized fog formation during certain times of the year. The surrounding area is predominantly agricultural, with significant cultivation of crops like rice, maize, and groundnuts. This agricultural activity, while vital to the local economy, introduces potential sources of particulate matter through land preparation, harvesting, and the burning of agricultural residue. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with Kouroussa serving as a regional market center for surrounding villages. Limited industrial activity exists within the city itself, but regional trade and transport contribute to vehicular emissions. The prevailing winds, influenced by the Harmattan and monsoon patterns, play a crucial role in dispersing or concentrating pollutants.

Kouroussa experiences a distinct wet and dry season cycle, profoundly impacting air quality. The dry season, roughly from November to April, is characterized by the Harmattan wind, bringing dust from the Sahara Desert. This leads to significantly elevated particulate matter concentrations, particularly PM10 and PM2.5, making these months the most challenging for respiratory health. January and February are typically the worst periods. The transition to the wet season, around May, brings a temporary improvement as rainfall washes away accumulated dust. However, the onset of the rains also increases humidity, potentially fostering mold growth indoors. The peak of the wet season, from July to September, generally offers the cleanest air due to the cleansing effect of rainfall and reduced dust transport. However, increased moisture can also contribute to localized air stagnation. October sees a gradual return to drier conditions and a corresponding increase in particulate matter. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor exertion during the Harmattan season and periods of high humidity. Monitoring local conditions and staying indoors when dust levels are visibly high is advisable. The monsoon’s influence, while beneficial for overall air quality, can also create conditions for localized flooding and associated health risks.