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Rajkot, situated in the heart of Gujarat's Saurashtra peninsula at an elevation of approximately 128 meters above sea level, occupies a strategic position in western India's semi-arid landscape. The city lies on the Aji and Nyari rivers, though these seasonal watercourses often run dry, contributing to dust accumulation. Surrounded by flat to gently undulating terrain with sparse vegetation, Rajkot forms part of an industrial belt specialising in engineering, auto parts, and casting—sectors that significantly influence local air quality. Its location inland, away from major water bodies like the Arabian Sea (about 100 kilometers to the southwest), limits maritime influences that might otherwise disperse pollutants. The urban–rural gradient shows rapid expansion into peripheral areas, where construction activities and road dust from unpaved surfaces exacerbate particulate matter levels. Proximity to agricultural zones in Gujarat's hinterland introduces occasional biomass burning emissions during crop residue seasons. The city's geography, characterised by low wind speeds due to topographic sheltering and high temperatures, fosters pollutant stagnation, particularly during winter when temperature inversions trap emissions from vehicles, industries, and domestic sources close to the ground.

Rajkot's air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern shaped by its semi-arid climate. During winter (November to February), pollution peaks as cooler temperatures and frequent temperature inversions trap pollutants near the surface, compounded by low wind speeds and occasional fog that reduces dispersion. This period sees heightened levels of PM2.5 and PM10 from vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and dust, making it the worst time for outdoor activities, especially for sensitive groups like children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions who should limit exposure and use masks. Spring (March to May) brings extreme heat, which can increase ozone formation from precursor emissions, though stronger daytime winds offer some relief by dispersing pollutants. The monsoon (June to September) provides a reprieve, as rainfall washes away particulate matter and higher humidity reduces dust suspension, making this the best season for outdoor pursuits. Post-monsoon (October) sees a gradual deterioration as dry conditions return, setting the stage for winter peaks. Throughout the year, weather hazards like cyclones can temporarily improve air quality through strong winds, while droughts exacerbate dust issues. Residents should monitor local air quality indices and plan activities accordingly, with winter requiring the most caution.