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Amrāvati, situated in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra at coordinates 20.9258°N, 77.7647°E, occupies a strategic position on the Deccan Plateau with an average elevation of approximately 343 meters above sea level. This inland city lies approximately 150 kilometers west of Nagpur and 600 kilometers east of Mumbai, positioned within India's cotton-growing heartland where agricultural activities significantly influence local air quality through seasonal crop residue burning. The urban landscape transitions gradually from dense commercial centers to peri-urban agricultural zones, creating a distinct urban-rural gradient where pollution sources intermix. Surrounded by the Purna River basin to the south and the Melghat Tiger Reserve to the north, Amrāvati's location within this transitional zone between forested hills and agricultural plains creates complex air circulation patterns. The city's position away from major coastlines means it lacks the moderating influence of sea breezes, allowing pollutants to accumulate more readily than in coastal cities. Industrial activities, though less concentrated than in Maharashtra's western industrial belt, include textile processing units and small-scale manufacturing that contribute to the urban pollution mix alongside vehicular emissions from National Highway 6 that passes through the city. The relatively flat terrain with gentle slopes toward the Purna River basin facilitates pollutant dispersion during windy conditions but can also create stagnation pockets during calm periods, particularly in low-lying areas.

Amrāvati experiences distinct seasonal air quality patterns shaped by its continental climate and agricultural calendar. During winter (December-February), cold temperatures and frequent temperature inversions trap pollutants near the surface, with December and January typically showing the poorest air quality as calm winds and morning fog prevent dispersion. Sensitive groups should limit outdoor activities during morning hours when pollution concentrations peak. Spring (March-May) brings rising temperatures and increasing wind speeds that improve dispersion, though occasional dust storms from surrounding agricultural fields can temporarily degrade air quality. The pre-monsoon period in May often sees improved conditions as thermal convection helps ventilate pollutants. Summer monsoon (June-September) provides the cleanest air as heavy rainfall effectively scrubs pollutants from the atmosphere, with July and August offering the most favorable conditions for outdoor activities. However, high humidity can exacerbate respiratory discomfort for some individuals. Post-monsoon (October-November) marks the transition to deteriorating air quality as agricultural burning of crop residues becomes widespread in surrounding farmlands, with smoke plumes often drifting into the city under prevailing easterly winds. This period requires particular caution for those with respiratory conditions, who should monitor local air quality reports and consider wearing masks during outdoor activities when smoke is evident.