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Lohogaon, Maharashtra, situated at approximately 20.6000° N, 77.6833° E, occupies a geographically significant position within the broader Pune metropolitan region. The city’s terrain is gently undulating, characteristic of the Deccan Plateau, with elevations ranging from roughly 550 to 600 meters above sea level. This plateau landscape influences local air circulation patterns, sometimes leading to stagnant conditions, particularly during periods of low wind speed. Lohogaon lies within a transitional zone between the semi-arid plains and the Western Ghats, a major mountain range that significantly impacts regional weather systems and air mass movement. The proximity to the Western Ghats, while providing a scenic backdrop, can also trap pollutants under certain meteorological conditions. The surrounding landscape is a mix of agricultural land – primarily sugarcane and other crops – and developing industrial areas, reflecting Maharashtra’s economic dynamism. Pune itself, a major industrial and educational hub, exerts a considerable influence on Lohogaon’s air quality, with industrial emissions and vehicular traffic contributing to the overall pollution load. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp, with Lohogaon experiencing increasing urbanization and associated pressures. The Bhima River flows nearby, offering some localized humidity but not significantly impacting large-scale air quality dynamics. The city’s location within a densely populated state and its growing population contribute to increased anthropogenic emissions, making understanding and mitigating air pollution crucial for public health.

Lohogaon’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the region’s tropical climate and monsoon cycle. The dry season, typically spanning from March to May, presents the most challenging period. High temperatures and minimal rainfall create stable atmospheric conditions, often leading to temperature inversions where cooler air is trapped beneath a layer of warmer air. This inversion prevents the vertical dispersion of pollutants, resulting in elevated concentrations of particulate matter and other contaminants. Dust storms originating from the northwest are also common during this period, further degrading air quality. The monsoon season, from June to September, brings relief as strong winds and frequent rainfall effectively flush out pollutants. However, the onset of the monsoon can initially be accompanied by increased humidity and localized fog, which can temporarily trap pollutants near the ground. October and November mark a transitional period with gradually decreasing temperatures and wind speeds, potentially leading to a resurgence of pollution. Winter months (December to February) are generally cooler, but fog formation can again impede air dispersion. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season and periods of fog, limiting outdoor exertion and utilizing air purifiers when possible. Agricultural burning, a common practice in surrounding areas, can also contribute to pollution spikes, particularly during the transition periods. Maintaining awareness of prevailing wind conditions and minimizing exposure during peak pollution episodes is advisable.