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Masur, Maharashtra, nestled in the fertile plains of western India at approximately 17.28°N, 74.20°E, occupies a geographically significant position within the state’s expansive landscape. The city’s terrain is predominantly flat, characteristic of the Deccan Plateau, with gentle undulations defining the surrounding agricultural lands. Elevation is relatively low, contributing to a tendency for pollutants to accumulate under certain meteorological conditions. Masur’s proximity to the Arabian Sea, though not immediate, influences regional weather patterns and can impact the dispersion of airborne particles. The city sits within a zone transitioning from a predominantly rural agricultural landscape to a more urbanized setting, a gradient that impacts air quality. The surrounding area is dominated by sugarcane and other crop cultivation, which, during harvest seasons, can contribute to particulate matter through agricultural burning practices. Further afield, industrial belts concentrated in larger Maharashtra cities, such as Nashik and Pune, contribute to regional pollution that can be transported to Masur. The lack of significant natural barriers, like hills or mountains, means that prevailing winds are the primary mechanism for pollutant dispersal, making the city vulnerable to episodes of poor air quality when wind speeds are low. The flat topography also limits natural ventilation, potentially trapping pollutants close to the ground. The urban character of Masur is developing, with a mix of traditional housing and newer constructions, and a growing population placing increasing demands on infrastructure and potentially contributing to localized pollution sources.

Masur’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the region’s tropical climate and monsoon cycle. The dry season, typically spanning from March to May, presents the most challenging period. High temperatures and low relative humidity create stable atmospheric conditions, often leading to temperature inversions where cooler air is trapped beneath a layer of warmer air. This inversion prevents vertical mixing, effectively trapping pollutants near the ground. Agricultural burning, prevalent during this period as farmers clear fields for the next planting season, significantly exacerbates particulate matter pollution. The monsoon season, from June to September, brings relief as strong winds and frequent rainfall effectively flush out pollutants, dramatically improving air quality. October and November mark a transitional period, with decreasing rainfall and gradually increasing temperatures, potentially leading to a slow return of poorer air quality. Winter months (December to February) are generally cooler, but fog formation can reduce visibility and trap pollutants, particularly in the early morning hours. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season and periods of fog, limiting outdoor exertion and wearing appropriate masks. During the monsoon, while air quality is generally good, heavy rainfall can still lead to localized flooding and associated issues. The agricultural cycle and prevailing wind patterns are key drivers of Masur’s air quality fluctuations.