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Shevgaon, nestled in the Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra, India, occupies a geographically significant position within the Deccan Plateau. Located at approximately 19.35°N latitude and 75.23°E longitude, the town sits at an elevation of roughly 570 meters (1870 feet) above sea level. The surrounding landscape is characterized by undulating plains and gently sloping hills, typical of the plateau region. While Shevgaon itself is a relatively small urban center with a population of around 38,375, it’s situated within a broader agricultural belt, primarily focused on sugarcane and other crops. This proximity to agricultural land contributes to seasonal particulate matter, particularly during harvest periods when burning of crop residue is practiced. The town’s location isn’t directly adjacent to major rivers or lakes, though groundwater resources are vital for local agriculture and domestic use. The urban–rural gradient around Shevgaon is gradual; the town blends seamlessly into the surrounding agricultural landscape, with smaller villages and rural settlements dotting the area. The Deccan Plateau’s geological composition, largely basaltic rock, can influence local drainage patterns and contribute to dust generation, especially during drier periods. Shevgaon’s position away from major industrial hubs offers some protection from heavy industrial pollution, but the regional transportation network, connecting it to larger cities like Pune and Mumbai, introduces vehicular emissions. The relatively flat terrain can also exacerbate the accumulation of pollutants, particularly during periods of low wind speed and temperature inversions, hindering dispersion.

Shevgaon’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by the region’s tropical climate and monsoon patterns. The dry season, typically spanning from March to May, often witnesses a noticeable increase in particulate matter. This is largely attributable to increased dust generation from agricultural activities, construction, and the prevalence of dry, windy conditions. Temperature inversions, common during these months, trap pollutants close to the ground, further degrading air quality. The monsoon season, from June to September, brings significant relief as rainfall washes away pollutants and strong winds disperse accumulated particles. However, the onset of the monsoon can initially be accompanied by increased humidity and localized fog, which can temporarily reduce visibility and trap pollutants. The post-monsoon period (October-November) sees a gradual return to drier conditions, with a potential for increased agricultural burning as farmers prepare fields for the next planting season. December and January are generally cooler months, with occasional fog, which can lead to localized air quality issues. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season and be mindful of potential impacts from agricultural burning. Outdoor activities are generally more favorable during the monsoon months and the cooler, drier periods of December and January, although fog can still impact visibility. Maintaining awareness of local weather conditions and minimizing exposure to dust and smoke are crucial for protecting respiratory health throughout the year.