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Sirūr is a significant urban center in Pune district of Maharashtra, India, situated at coordinates 18.8300°N, 74.3800°E with an elevation of approximately 540 meters above sea level. Located in the Deccan Plateau region, the city lies within the Bhima River basin, approximately 25 kilometers northeast of the Bhima River itself, which influences local humidity patterns. Sirūr's terrain is characterized by gently undulating plains typical of the Deccan Plateau, with black cotton soil supporting extensive agricultural activities in surrounding areas. The city occupies a transitional zone between the Western Ghats to the west and the drier interior plains to the east, creating a distinct microclimate. Positioned along National Highway 65 connecting Pune with Solapur, Sirūr serves as a commercial and transportation hub for the agricultural hinterland, with urban development concentrated along major road corridors. The region's geography contributes to air quality challenges through temperature inversions during cooler months that trap pollutants near the surface. Agricultural burning in surrounding farmlands, vehicular emissions from transit traffic, and general urban pollution sources combine with the city's basin-like topography to occasionally concentrate airborne particulates. The absence of significant industrial belts in immediate proximity means pollution is primarily from diffuse urban and agricultural sources rather than concentrated industrial emissions.

Sirūr experiences distinct seasonal air quality patterns shaped by its Deccan Plateau location and monsoon climate. During winter (December-February), cool temperatures and frequent temperature inversions trap pollutants near the surface, creating the year's worst air quality conditions, particularly in January when calm winds and fog exacerbate particulate accumulation. Sensitive groups should limit outdoor activities during morning hours when inversions are strongest. Spring (March-May) brings rising temperatures and increasing wind speeds that gradually disperse pollutants, though occasional dust storms from surrounding agricultural fields can temporarily degrade air quality. The pre-monsoon heat in May creates convective mixing that improves dispersion. Summer monsoon (June-September) brings the cleanest air as southwest monsoon rains effectively wash pollutants from the atmosphere, with July and August offering optimal conditions for outdoor activities. Post-monsoon (October-November) sees gradually deteriorating air quality as rainfall ceases and agricultural burning begins in surrounding farmlands, with November often marking the transition to winter pollution conditions. The region's seasonal wind patterns—southwesterly during monsoon and northeasterly during winter—influence pollutant transport from both urban and agricultural sources. Sensitive individuals including those with respiratory conditions should be particularly cautious during winter mornings and post-monsoon burning periods when particulate concentrations peak.