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Talegaon Dābhāde, nestled in the state of Maharashtra, India, occupies a geographically strategic position within the Pune Metropolitan Region. Located at coordinates 18.7200°N, 73.6800°E, the city sits amidst the undulating terrain of the Western Ghats foothills, approximately 35 kilometers from Pune. The landscape is characterised by a mix of agricultural lands, particularly sugarcane and fruit orchards, and increasingly, industrial development. The city’s elevation, around 640 meters (2100 feet) above sea level, influences local weather patterns and pollutant dispersion. While not directly on a major waterway, the city is within the Bhima River basin, impacting local humidity and potential for localised fog formation. The proximity to the Mumbai-Pune industrial corridor is a significant factor; this belt generates substantial emissions from manufacturing, transportation, and power generation, impacting Talegaon Dābhāde’s air quality. The urban-rural gradient is rapidly changing as the city expands, absorbing surrounding villages and agricultural land. This expansion brings increased vehicular traffic and construction activity, further contributing to pollution. The prevailing winds, influenced by the Western Ghats, play a crucial role in dispersing or trapping pollutants, depending on seasonal variations and atmospheric stability. Understanding this interplay of geography and development is key to addressing air quality challenges.

Talegaon Dābhāde experiences a distinct wet and dry season pattern, heavily influencing air quality. The monsoon season, typically from June to September, brings relief from pollution due to rainfall washing away particulate matter and suppressing dust. However, increased humidity can also foster mold growth, impacting respiratory health. October and November see a gradual return of drier conditions and a corresponding increase in dust and pollutants, particularly from agricultural burning post-harvest. This period often experiences temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground. December to February are the driest months, with cooler temperatures and stagnant air, leading to the highest pollution levels, exacerbated by increased use of solid fuels for heating. March to May witness rising temperatures and strong winds, which can initially disperse pollutants but also contribute to dust storms. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during the dry season, especially November to February. Wearing masks and using air purifiers indoors are recommended. Monitoring local conditions and avoiding peak traffic hours can also mitigate exposure. The monsoon offers the most favourable conditions for outdoor activity, but vigilance regarding mold and dampness is still advised.