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Jatani, a rapidly growing urban centre in the Khurda district of Odisha, India, occupies a relatively flat terrain within the coastal plains of the state. Situated at coordinates 20.1700°N, 85.7000°E, its geography is significantly influenced by its proximity to the Chilika Lake, Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon, approximately 30-40km to the east. The surrounding landscape is a mix of agricultural land, primarily rice paddies, and increasingly, industrial and residential development spurred by its location along the National Highway 16. Jatani’s elevation is low, averaging around 35-40 meters above sea level, contributing to limited atmospheric dispersion of pollutants. The city functions as a satellite town to Bhubaneswar, the state capital, and experiences a strong urban-rural gradient as one moves away from the highway corridor. This proximity to a major transport artery, coupled with local industrial activity – including stone crushing and brick kilns – and seasonal agricultural burning, creates a complex air quality scenario. The coastal climate brings humidity and influences wind patterns, often trapping pollutants during calmer periods. The lack of substantial natural barriers to wind flow, while generally beneficial, can also transport pollutants from surrounding areas directly into Jatani.

Jatani’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. The post-monsoon months, October to February, typically see the poorest air quality. Lower temperatures lead to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground, and reduced wind speeds hinder dispersion. This period coincides with increased agricultural residue burning after the harvest, adding significantly to particulate matter levels. March and April bring rising temperatures and drier conditions, exacerbating dust pollution from construction and unpaved roads. The pre-monsoon months, May and June, offer a brief respite as occasional thunderstorms help to cleanse the atmosphere. However, this is short-lived. The southwest monsoon, arriving in July and lasting through September, generally improves air quality due to rainfall washing away pollutants and increased wind speeds. However, increased humidity can also promote secondary pollutant formation. November and December are particularly challenging for those with respiratory conditions. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing lung or heart conditions – should limit outdoor activity during these months. Monitoring local weather patterns and avoiding peak traffic hours are advisable throughout the year.