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Bhilwara sits in the semi-arid plains of southeastern Rajasthan, positioned at approximately 25.3407°N, 74.6313°E with an elevation of around 421 meters above sea level. This city lies within the Mewar region, characterized by flat to gently undulating terrain interspersed with rocky outcrops and seasonal streams called 'nullahs.' The landscape transitions from urban core to peri-urban textile clusters and rural mining zones, creating a distinct urban–rural gradient where industrial emissions blend with natural dust sources. Bhilwara's location in India's textile heartland—often dubbed the 'Manchester of Rajasthan'—places it within an industrial belt where synthetic fabric weaving dominates the economy, contributing significantly to local air pollution. The city is landlocked, distant from major water bodies like the Chambal River to the northeast, which limits natural air cleansing through humidity. Surrounding areas feature marble and feldspar mining operations, whose dust combines with road and construction debris to form particulate matter that lingers in the dry atmosphere. The hot desert climate (BWh) exacerbates this, as low rainfall and sparse vegetation fail to settle pollutants, while the city's position in a basin-like topography can trap emissions under temperature inversions, particularly during winter months when cold air settles in the valleys.

Bhilwara's air quality follows a distinct seasonal rhythm shaped by its hot desert climate and industrial activity. During winter (November to February), pollution peaks dramatically due to temperature inversions that trap pollutants close to the ground, combined with calm winds and frequent fog that hinder dispersion. This period sees heightened emissions from heating sources and ongoing industrial operations, making outdoor activities risky, especially for sensitive groups like children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions who should limit exposure and use masks. Spring (March to May) brings extreme heat and dust storms, lifting particulate matter from dry soils and mining sites, though occasional winds provide some ventilation. The monsoon season (June to September) offers relief as rainfall washes away pollutants, improving air quality significantly and making it the best time for outdoor pursuits. Post-monsoon (October) sees a gradual deterioration as temperatures drop and industrial output increases, setting the stage for the winter peak. Residents should monitor local air quality reports, avoid strenuous activities during high-pollution months, and consider indoor air purifiers during winter inversions to mitigate health risks.