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Chhoti Sādri, nestled in the southwestern part of Rajasthan, India, occupies a unique geographic position within the Aravalli Range. Located at coordinates 24.3800°N, 74.7000°E, the town sits at an elevation of approximately 450 meters, influencing its climate and air quality. The surrounding landscape is characterised by undulating hills and rocky terrain typical of the Aravalli hills, transitioning into more arid plains further west. While not directly adjacent to a major body of water, the town relies on local rainwater harvesting and groundwater sources. Chhoti Sādri is situated within a predominantly agricultural zone, with significant marble mining and processing industries nearby, particularly around Rajsamand and Udaipur. These industries contribute substantially to particulate matter pollution. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; the town itself is compact, surrounded by agricultural land and sparsely populated rural areas. This proximity to both agricultural practices (potential for biomass burning) and industrial activity creates a complex interplay of factors affecting air quality. Dust from unpaved roads and construction activities further exacerbates the situation, particularly during drier months. The town’s location within a valley can also contribute to the trapping of pollutants, especially during temperature inversions.

Chhoti Sādri experiences a distinct seasonal air quality pattern. The post-monsoon period, from October to November, often sees a temporary improvement due to rainfall washing away accumulated pollutants. However, this is short-lived. Winter, from December to February, brings cooler temperatures and frequent temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground and leading to increased concentrations of particulate matter. This is compounded by increased use of solid fuels for heating. March and April are particularly challenging, as pre-monsoon winds stir up dust from the arid landscape and agricultural fields, and marble processing activity increases. May and June mark the onset of the intense summer heat, with hot, dry winds further dispersing dust and potentially carrying pollutants from regional sources. The monsoon season, from July to September, generally offers the cleanest air, as rainfall effectively scrubs the atmosphere. However, increased humidity can also promote the formation of secondary pollutants. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during winter and pre-monsoon months. Avoiding peak hours near industrial areas is also advisable. Monitoring local weather patterns and heeding health advisories are crucial for managing exposure.