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Dhorīmanna, a town in Rajasthan, India, sits at approximately 25.1997°N latitude and 71.4331°E longitude, placing it within the arid and semi-arid landscapes characteristic of the state. The town’s elevation is relatively low, contributing to limited atmospheric dispersion of pollutants. The surrounding terrain is largely flat, part of the expansive Indo-Gangetic Plain, with subtle undulations. Dhorīmanna is not directly adjacent to any major bodies of water, though the region is influenced by seasonal river flows and groundwater resources. The urban character is typical of a rapidly developing Indian town, transitioning from a primarily agricultural economy to include small-scale industries and commerce. This transition, coupled with increasing vehicle traffic, is a key driver of air quality concerns. The surrounding areas are dominated by agricultural land, primarily rain-fed farming, with potential for dust emissions from soil disturbance. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with a noticeable increase in pollution levels as one moves closer to the town centre. The lack of significant natural barriers to wind flow can occasionally provide some relief, but temperature inversions, common in winter, trap pollutants near the ground, exacerbating air quality issues. The regional climate is hot and dry for much of the year, with limited rainfall.

Dhorīmanna experiences a distinct seasonal air quality pattern. Summer (April-June) brings high temperatures and strong winds, which can initially disperse pollutants, but also contribute to dust storms, elevating particulate matter. Monsoon season (July-September) offers temporary relief as rainfall washes away pollutants and suppresses dust, resulting in the cleanest air of the year. However, increased humidity can also foster mold growth, impacting respiratory health. Post-monsoon (October-November) sees a gradual return of drier conditions and a build-up of pollutants as agricultural residue burning increases, coinciding with cooler temperatures and the onset of temperature inversions. This period often experiences the poorest air quality. Winter (December-February) is particularly challenging. Cold air traps pollutants close to the ground, and the use of solid fuels for heating exacerbates the problem. Fog further reduces visibility and worsens air quality. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during post-monsoon and winter months. October to February are generally the months to be most cautious. Avoiding peak traffic hours and using respiratory masks can offer some protection. The monsoon months, while humid, provide the most favourable conditions for outdoor activity.