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Lākheri, nestled in the southwestern expanse of Rajasthan, India, presents a compelling case study in how geography shapes urban air quality. Situated at approximately 25.67°N, 76.17°E and an elevation of roughly 350 meters above sea level, the town occupies a transitional zone between the Aravalli Range and the fertile plains of the region. The surrounding landscape is characterized by undulating hills, scrubland vegetation, and pockets of agricultural land primarily dedicated to barley, wheat, and pulses. This rural-urban gradient is a key factor influencing Lākheri’s air quality profile. The town itself is relatively small, exhibiting a traditional urban character with a mix of residential areas, local markets, and small-scale industries, including brick kilns and agricultural processing units. Its proximity to the Aravalli Range, while offering scenic beauty, can also contribute to localized air stagnation, particularly during periods of low wind speed. The region experiences a semi-arid climate, with limited surface water bodies; the nearest significant water source is the Chambal River, located a considerable distance away. The prevailing winds generally flow from the southwest, carrying dust and pollutants from surrounding agricultural activities and, potentially, from industrial belts further afield. The terrain’s topography, combined with the agricultural practices and limited industrial activity, creates a unique microclimate that significantly impacts the dispersion of airborne pollutants, making Lākheri’s air quality particularly sensitive to seasonal variations and local emission sources.

Lākheri’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the region’s climate. The pre-monsoon months (March-May) typically witness the poorest air quality. High temperatures exacerbate the effects of dust storms originating from the Thar Desert, and stagnant air masses, often associated with temperature inversions, trap pollutants close to the ground. Agricultural burning, a common practice for clearing fields, further contributes to particulate matter pollution during this period. The monsoon season (June-September) brings a welcome respite, with increased rainfall and stronger winds effectively flushing out accumulated pollutants. However, heavy rainfall can also lead to increased humidity and the release of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), which can react with other pollutants to form secondary aerosols. Post-monsoon (October-November) sees a gradual return to drier conditions, with a resurgence of dust and agricultural burning, though generally less intense than in the pre-monsoon period. Winter months (December-February) are characterized by cooler temperatures and frequent fog, which significantly reduces visibility and traps pollutants, creating conditions conducive to elevated levels of particulate matter. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the pre-monsoon and winter months, limiting outdoor activity during peak pollution episodes. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purifiers is also advisable. The agricultural cycle and the prevalence of open-air burning are the most significant drivers of seasonal air quality fluctuations in Lākheri.