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Semāri, Rajasthan, occupies a strategic position within the Thar Desert's periphery, a landscape dramatically shaped by aeolian processes and punctuated by undulating sand dunes and rocky outcrops. Located at approximately 24.0555° N, 73.8566° E, the city sits at an elevation of roughly 220 meters (722 feet) above sea level, contributing to a relatively arid climate. Semāri’s urban character is that of a developing regional hub, transitioning from a primarily agricultural settlement to a center for trade and light industry. The surrounding landscape is dominated by scrubland and agricultural fields, primarily cultivating drought-resistant crops like bajra and guar. To the east, the Aravalli Range provides a distant backdrop, influencing local wind patterns and occasionally trapping pollutants. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural land quickly giving way to the city’s built environment. Semāri’s proximity to the industrial belt of Jaipur, approximately 150 kilometers away, introduces a potential source of long-range transported pollutants. The absence of significant surface water bodies within immediate proximity—aside from seasonal streams—limits natural air purification processes. The prevailing westerly winds, characteristic of Rajasthan, can carry dust and pollutants from distant sources, while the city’s relatively flat terrain can exacerbate the accumulation of ground-level emissions, particularly during periods of stagnant air. The sandy soil composition also contributes to dust resuspension, a significant factor in Semāri’s air quality profile.

Semāri’s air quality exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the region’s climate. The dry, hot months of April and May typically experience the poorest air quality, driven by intense solar radiation, high temperatures, and minimal rainfall. This combination promotes the formation of photochemical smog and increases dust resuspension from construction activities and unpaved roads. Temperature inversions, common during these months, trap pollutants near the ground, further worsening conditions. The monsoon season, arriving in July and lasting through September, brings a welcome respite, with rainfall washing away particulate matter and increased wind speeds dispersing pollutants. However, the monsoon can also introduce moisture and humidity, potentially exacerbating respiratory issues for some individuals. October and November see a gradual return to drier conditions, with a slight increase in dust levels. Winter months (December-February) are generally characterized by cooler temperatures and frequent fog, which can trap pollutants and reduce visibility. The fog, combined with calmer winds, can lead to localized pollution episodes. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the peak pollution months of April and May, and during periods of dense fog in winter. Outdoor activities are best avoided during these times, and the use of air purifiers and masks is recommended. The transition months of March and October offer relatively better air quality, making them more favourable for outdoor pursuits.