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Sikar, situated in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan, occupies a strategic position at the northeastern fringe of the Thar Desert, approximately 114 kilometers northwest of Jaipur. The city lies at an elevation of about 427 meters above sea level on the arid plains of the Marwar plateau, characterized by flat to gently undulating terrain with sparse vegetation. This location places Sikar within a transitional zone between the desert to the west and more agriculturally productive areas to the east, creating a unique urban–rural gradient where the city serves as a commercial hub surrounded by villages engaged in rain-fed agriculture and pastoralism. The absence of significant water bodies—with only seasonal streams like the Kantli River—exacerbates aridity and dust mobilization. Sikar's position along National Highway 52 and State Highway 8 intensifies road dust and vehicle exhaust, while its proximity to the Thar Desert means it is frequently impacted by desert dust carried by westerly winds. The urban fabric blends historic havelis with modern expansion, leading to construction dust, and the surrounding agricultural zones contribute dust during harvesting periods. This geographic context creates a perfect storm for poor air quality, as the dry, sandy soil, combined with anthropogenic activities and minimal precipitation, results in persistently high particulate matter levels, especially during calm weather conditions when pollutants accumulate over the city.

In Sikar, air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern driven by the hot desert climate and monsoon influences. During winter (November to February), pollution peaks dramatically due to temperature inversions that trap pollutants close to the ground, combined with calm winds and increased domestic biomass burning for heating. This period sees dense fog and smog, making outdoor activities hazardous, especially for sensitive groups like children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions, who should limit exposure and use masks. Spring (March to May) brings extreme heat and frequent dust storms from the Thar Desert, elevating coarse particulate matter, though stronger winds sometimes disperse pollutants temporarily. The monsoon season (June to September) offers relief with rainfall washing away dust and pollutants, resulting in the cleanest air of the year, ideal for outdoor activities. However, high humidity can occasionally lead to haze. Post-monsoon (October) sees a rapid deterioration as temperatures drop, winds weaken, and agricultural burning resumes, setting the stage for the winter peak. To minimize health risks, visitors and residents should plan outdoor activities during the monsoon months, avoid strenuous exertion in peak pollution periods, and stay informed about dust storm warnings, particularly for vulnerable individuals who may experience exacerbated symptoms.