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Dargahān, nestled along the northern coast of the Persian Gulf in Hormozgān Province, Iran, occupies a unique and challenging geographic position. Situated at approximately 26.9667° N, 56.0708° E, the city’s terrain is characterized by a low-lying coastal plain, gradually rising towards the Zagros Mountains to the east. This proximity to both the sea and a significant mountain range creates a complex interplay of meteorological factors that significantly influence air quality. The surrounding landscape is dominated by arid desert scrubland and salt flats, typical of the region's hyper-arid climate. The Persian Gulf itself exerts a moderating influence on temperatures, but also introduces saline aerosols into the atmosphere. Dargahān’s location within the Bandar-e Lengeh industrial belt, a region focused on petrochemical processing and shipping, is a primary contributor to localized pollution. The urban–rural gradient transitions rapidly from the city’s concentrated population to sparsely populated agricultural areas reliant on groundwater irrigation, which can contribute to dust emissions during dry periods. The elevation is relatively low, generally below 50 meters above sea level, which can exacerbate temperature inversions, trapping pollutants close to the ground. The prevailing winds, often originating from the Gulf, carry both moisture and potential contaminants inland, impacting air quality throughout the year. The city’s coastal location also makes it vulnerable to dust storms originating from the Arabian Peninsula, further degrading air quality.

Dargahān’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by its arid climate and regional weather systems. The hot, humid summers (May-September) are often characterized by stagnant air conditions and elevated levels of pollutants due to reduced wind speeds and the prevalence of temperature inversions. High temperatures suppress vertical mixing, trapping emissions from industrial sources and vehicle traffic near the ground. The humidity, while providing some relief from extreme heat, can also contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone. The cooler, drier months (October-April) generally see improved air quality, with increased wind speeds dispersing pollutants more effectively. However, winter months can occasionally experience episodes of poor air quality due to the influx of dust storms originating from the Arabian Peninsula, particularly during February and March. These storms can significantly reduce visibility and exacerbate respiratory problems. Fog, though infrequent, can also occur during the cooler months, trapping pollutants and creating localized air quality concerns. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during periods of stagnant air or dust storms. Staying indoors with air filtration systems and avoiding strenuous exercise are recommended during these times. Hydration is crucial year-round, but especially during the hot, humid summer months to mitigate the effects of air pollution on the respiratory system. Public health advisories are often issued during periods of elevated pollution, providing guidance on minimizing exposure.