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Petah Tikva, situated in Israel's Central District, occupies a strategic position within the densely populated coastal plain known as the Sharon region. The city's coordinates at 32.0833°N, 34.8833°E place it approximately 10 kilometers east of Tel Aviv, at a modest elevation of around 50 meters above sea level, contributing to its generally flat terrain with gentle undulations. This location within Israel's most urbanized corridor means Petah Tikva is enveloped by metropolitan sprawl, creating a pronounced urban-rural gradient where the city transitions into agricultural zones to the east, particularly citrus groves and farmland, while being bordered by industrial areas to the west and north, including the nearby Kiryat Aryeh industrial zone. Proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, about 15 kilometers to the west, influences local climate through sea breezes, but this effect is often mitigated by the city's inland position and surrounding urban density. The Yarqon River flows to the south, though it is a modest watercourse with limited impact on air dynamics. Geographically, Petah Tikva's air quality is primarily affected by its integration into the Greater Tel Aviv metropolitan area, where traffic emissions from major highways like Highway 4 and 5 converge with industrial outputs, compounded by the region's high population density. The flat terrain inhibits natural ventilation, allowing pollutants to accumulate, especially during stable atmospheric conditions. Additionally, the city's location near agricultural lands can introduce seasonal particulate matter from farming activities, while its urban setting exacerbates heat island effects, further influencing pollution dispersion patterns.

In Petah Tikva, air quality fluctuates seasonally due to a combination of meteorological factors and urban activities, with the Mediterranean climate playing a key role. During winter, from December to February, cooler temperatures and increased rainfall help cleanse the air, though occasional temperature inversions can trap pollutants near the ground, leading to short-term spikes in particulate matter, particularly from heating sources and traffic. Spring, spanning March to May, sees improved conditions as rising temperatures and stronger sea breezes enhance dispersion, making this an ideal time for outdoor activities; however, pollen from surrounding agricultural areas may affect sensitive groups. Summer, from June to August, brings peak pollution months due to intense heat and stagnant air, with high ozone levels forming from vehicle emissions under strong sunlight, and reduced wind speeds limiting pollutant dispersal—residents, especially those with respiratory issues, should avoid strenuous outdoor exertion during midday. Autumn, covering September to November, experiences a gradual decline in pollution as temperatures drop and rainfall returns, though early autumn can still see elevated ozone from residual summer heat. Throughout the year, sensitive individuals such as children, the elderly, and those with asthma should monitor local air quality reports, favor morning or evening outings when pollution is lower, and use air purifiers indoors during peak periods. Avoiding high-traffic areas and staying hydrated during hot spells can further mitigate health risks.