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Selargius, nestled in the Campidano plain of Sardinia, Italy, occupies a strategically important position just south of Cagliari, the island’s capital. Its coordinates (39.2537, 9.1606) place it within a gently undulating landscape, characterized by fertile agricultural land and punctuated by occasional low hills. The city’s terrain is predominantly flat, facilitating urban sprawl and residential development, but the proximity to the Cagliari metropolitan area introduces complexities regarding air quality. Selargius sits at a relatively low elevation, approximately 45 meters above sea level, which can exacerbate the trapping of pollutants, particularly during periods of atmospheric stability. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of vineyards, olive groves, and cereal fields, typical of the Campidano region, contributing to both agricultural emissions and potential dust events. While not directly coastal, Selargius benefits from a moderate Mediterranean climate and is influenced by sea breezes, which can, at times, help disperse pollutants. However, the prevailing winds often originate from the west, carrying potential contaminants from industrial zones further north along the coast. The urban–rural gradient is gradual, with agricultural land seamlessly blending into residential areas, meaning agricultural practices and urban activities are intertwined, impacting local air quality. The city’s location within a densely populated region of Sardinia means it is susceptible to transboundary pollution, influenced by emissions from Cagliari and other nearby towns. The Campidano plain's topography, a broad sedimentary basin, can also contribute to the accumulation of pollutants.

Selargius experiences a distinct Mediterranean climate, profoundly influencing its air quality throughout the year. Summers (June-August) are typically hot and dry, characterized by stagnant air masses and frequent temperature inversions, particularly during the early morning hours. These inversions trap pollutants close to the ground, leading to a noticeable increase in particulate matter and potentially other emissions from agricultural activities like harvesting. The lack of significant rainfall during this period further compounds the issue. Autumn (September-November) brings a gradual shift, with increased wind speeds and occasional rainfall, which helps to cleanse the atmosphere, leading to improved air quality. However, agricultural burning, a traditional practice in Sardinia, can contribute to localized pollution spikes during this season. Winters (December-February) are generally mild and wetter, with more frequent wind patterns that aid in pollutant dispersion. Fog, however, can occasionally form, trapping moisture and pollutants near the surface. Spring (March-May) sees a resurgence of agricultural activity, with associated emissions, but also increasing wind speeds and rainfall, generally resulting in moderate air quality. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the summer months, particularly during early mornings, and be mindful of potential agricultural burning in autumn. Outdoor activities are generally more favourable during the wetter months of winter and spring, although vigilance regarding fog is advised. The interplay of temperature, wind, and precipitation dictates the seasonal air quality narrative in Selargius, demanding adaptive strategies for public health.