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Aboisso, nestled in the Comoé region of Ivory Coast at coordinates 5.4667, -3.2000, presents a fascinating case study in urban air quality within a tropical environment. The city’s geography is largely defined by its coastal plain location, relatively close to the Gulf of Guinea, influencing humidity and wind patterns. The terrain is generally flat, transitioning into more undulating landscapes further inland towards the Comoé National Park. This proximity to both a major body of water and a significant natural reserve creates a complex interplay of factors affecting air dispersal. Aboisso’s urban character is rapidly evolving, with increasing construction and a growing population of 100,903. Surrounding the city are predominantly agricultural zones, focused on cocoa and palm oil production, alongside smaller-scale fishing activities along the coast. These agricultural practices contribute to particulate matter through land clearing and seasonal burning. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with a noticeable increase in dust and vehicle emissions as one moves closer to the city centre. Industrial activity is limited but growing, concentrated around processing agricultural products, adding to localised pollution sources. The prevailing winds, typically from the Gulf, play a crucial role in transporting pollutants both into and out of the city, though temperature inversions can trap them during calmer periods.

Aboisso experiences a distinct tropical climate characterized by two primary seasons: a long, dry season (November to March) and a wet season (April to October). Air quality in Aboisso is significantly impacted by these seasonal shifts. During the dry season, dust from agricultural activities and unpaved roads becomes a major concern, exacerbated by the Harmattan winds blowing from the Sahara. This leads to increased particulate matter concentrations, particularly PM10 and PM2.5. February and March are typically the months with the poorest air quality. The wet season brings relief, as rainfall effectively washes away pollutants, improving air quality. However, increased humidity can also promote the growth of mold and allergens. September and October, towards the end of the rainy season, can see a resurgence of localised pollution due to stagnant air and increased biomass burning for land preparation. Temperature inversions, common during the transition periods between seasons, can trap pollutants near the ground. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during the dry season and periods of stagnant air. Monitoring local weather patterns and avoiding peak agricultural burning times are crucial for protecting respiratory health.