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Noé, nestled within the Comoé Prefecture of Ivory Coast, occupies a geographically significant position at approximately 5.28°N, -2.80°W. The city’s terrain is characterized by gently undulating plains, typical of the Guinean woodlands ecoregion, transitioning gradually into the broader savanna landscapes that define much of northern Ivory Coast. Its location, relatively close to the Comoé River, provides a crucial water source and influences local microclimates, though the river's impact on air quality is more indirect, primarily through humidity levels. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of small-scale agriculture – manioc, maize, and cocoa are common – interspersed with patches of forest and scrubland. This agricultural activity, while vital to the local economy, contributes to particulate matter through burning practices, particularly during land clearing. Noé’s urban footprint is relatively small, reflecting its population of around 27,938, exhibiting a clear urban–rural gradient. The city itself is compact, with a discernible core and expanding periphery. There are no major industrial belts immediately adjacent to Noé; however, larger industrial zones are present further afield within the broader Comoé region, potentially impacting air quality through long-range transport of pollutants. The elevation is low, generally below 150 meters, which can exacerbate temperature inversions, trapping pollutants closer to the ground, especially during the drier months. The regional position, within a predominantly agricultural zone, means that seasonal agricultural practices are a key driver of local air quality variations.

Noé’s tropical climate dictates a distinct wet and dry season pattern, profoundly influencing its air quality. The dry season, typically spanning from November to May, presents the most significant air quality challenges. Reduced rainfall leads to lower atmospheric moisture, hindering the natural cleansing effect of precipitation. Furthermore, the lack of cloud cover intensifies solar radiation, promoting photochemical smog formation, particularly when combined with emissions from agricultural burning. Temperature inversions are more frequent during this period, trapping pollutants near the surface. Dust from agricultural fields, often exacerbated by wind events, contributes significantly to particulate matter. The months of January and February often experience the poorest air quality due to a confluence of these factors. Conversely, the wet season (June to October) brings relief. Frequent rainfall effectively washes pollutants from the atmosphere, and higher humidity reduces the formation of photochemical smog. However, heavy downpours can temporarily increase particulate matter due to soil erosion and resuspension. During the wet season, outdoor activities are generally more favourable, though periods of dense fog can reduce visibility. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, limiting prolonged outdoor exposure and avoiding strenuous activity, especially on days with visible haze or dust. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can also be beneficial during periods of elevated pollution.