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Bog Walk, nestled within the parish of Saint Catherine, Jamaica, occupies a geographically significant position within the island’s southern plains. Located at approximately 18.1020° N, 77.0054° W, the town’s terrain is predominantly flat, characteristic of the coastal lowlands, with gentle undulations towards the foothills of the Blue Mountains in the distance. This low elevation (averaging around 150 meters above sea level) contributes to a relatively stable atmospheric layer, which can, under certain conditions, trap pollutants. The town sits close to the Rio Cobre, a major river system, influencing local humidity and microclimates. Surrounding Bog Walk is a mosaic of agricultural land, primarily sugarcane and small-scale farming, interspersed with residential areas and small commercial zones. The urban–rural gradient is gradual, with agricultural activities extending relatively close to the town’s limits. Further afield, the industrial belt concentrated around Kingston and Portmore exerts an indirect influence, with potential for transported pollutants. The proximity to the Caribbean Sea also plays a role, bringing in maritime air masses and influencing wind patterns. The landscape is dominated by fertile plains, supporting intensive agriculture, and the presence of wetlands contributes to local biodiversity but can also impact humidity levels. The relatively flat topography limits natural ventilation, potentially exacerbating localized pollution events, particularly during periods of stagnant air. The area’s reliance on road transport for both goods and people further contributes to potential air quality challenges.

Bog Walk’s tropical climate dictates a distinct wet and dry season pattern, significantly impacting air quality. The dry season, typically spanning December to April, often sees a reduction in overall rainfall, leading to lower humidity and increased solar radiation. While this might seem beneficial, the lack of rainfall means fewer opportunities for natural pollutant washout. Furthermore, the drier air can exacerbate dust emissions from agricultural activities and unpaved roads, particularly during periods of wind. The wet season, from May to November, brings frequent rainfall and higher humidity. These conditions generally improve air quality through precipitation scavenging, removing particulate matter and gaseous pollutants. However, intense rainfall events can lead to flooding, which can release pollutants from inundated areas and temporarily worsen air quality. Temperature inversions, though less frequent than in temperate climates, can occur during the cooler months (December-February), trapping pollutants near the ground, especially in the evenings. Wind patterns are generally easterly trade winds, but these can become variable during the hurricane season (June-November), potentially dispersing or concentrating pollutants depending on the wind direction. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly during periods of high dust or stagnant air. Outdoor activities are generally more favourable during the wet season, but vigilance is advised during and immediately after heavy rainfall events due to potential flooding and associated pollutant release.