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Diallassagou, situated in the Mopti region of Mali at coordinates 13.7378, -3.6264, is a town deeply embedded within the Inland Niger Delta, a vast floodplain of the Niger River. The terrain is predominantly flat, characteristic of alluvial plains, with an elevation hovering around 200 meters. This low-lying geography significantly influences air quality, as temperature inversions are common, trapping pollutants near the ground, particularly during the cooler, drier months. The town’s location within the delta means it’s surrounded by seasonally flooded grasslands and agricultural lands – primarily rice paddies – which contribute to localized sources of particulate matter through agricultural practices like burning post-harvest residue. Diallassagou isn’t an industrial hub, but the presence of smaller-scale artisanal activities, including brick-making and metalworking, adds to the particulate load. The urban-rural gradient is relatively blurred; Diallassagou functions as a market town serving a largely rural population, meaning transport – often involving older vehicles – plays a role in emissions. Dust from the surrounding Sahelian environment, carried by Harmattan winds, is a persistent factor. The Niger River itself, while a vital resource, can contribute to humidity and potentially influence the dispersion of pollutants, though its primary impact is on water quality. The town’s growth is largely organic, lacking formal urban planning, which exacerbates dust resuspension from unpaved roads.

Diallassagou experiences a pronounced wet and dry season, dictating the patterns of air quality. The dry season, roughly November to May, is when air quality is typically poorest. Harmattan winds sweep across the region, bringing substantial amounts of Saharan dust, significantly increasing particulate matter concentrations. Lower humidity during this period also means dust remains suspended for longer. January and February are often the most challenging months. The transition to the wet season, June to August, brings relief as rainfall washes away accumulated dust and suppresses resuspension. However, increased humidity can also foster mold growth, potentially impacting respiratory health. September and October see a gradual return of dust as the rains subside, but the overall air quality remains better than during the peak dry season. Temperature inversions, common during the cooler nights of the dry season, trap pollutants close to the ground, worsening conditions. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during the dry season, particularly on windy days. Wearing masks can offer some protection. The wet season provides a window for outdoor activities, but awareness of mold and humidity-related issues is crucial.