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Azemmour is strategically positioned at the mouth of the Oum Er Rbia river, where the waterway meets the Atlantic Ocean on the coast of Morocco's Casablanca-Settat region. This coastal location defines the city's urban character, blending a historic medina with a riverine landscape. The terrain is predominantly a low-lying coastal plain, characterized by fertile alluvial soils that transition into the broader Doukkala agricultural region. Geographically, the city acts as a gateway between the maritime influence of the Atlantic and the interior river valley, creating a complex atmospheric dynamic. The proximity to the ocean generally provides a ventilating effect, as sea breezes help disperse local pollutants. However, the river valley can occasionally act as a conduit for air masses moving inland or trap pollutants during stagnant weather conditions. To the south and east, the region is influenced by the industrial belt of Jorf Lasfar, one of Morocco's most significant industrial hubs, which introduces potential sulfur dioxide and particulate matter into the regional air basin. The urban-rural gradient in Azemmour is sharp, moving quickly from the dense historic core to expansive agricultural fields. This juxtaposition means that air quality is affected by both urban emissions—such as vehicle exhaust from regional transit—and rural sources, including pesticide drift and biomass burning. Consequently, the city's air quality is a delicate balance between the cleansing power of the Atlantic winds and the periodic influx of industrial and agricultural aerosols.

Air quality in Azemmour follows a distinct seasonal rhythm dictated by the Atlantic climate and regional land-use patterns. During the winter months, frequent rainfall provides a natural scrubbing mechanism, washing particulate matter from the atmosphere and keeping the air relatively crisp. However, occasional temperature inversions can occur, trapping moisture and pollutants near the river surface, leading to localized haze. As spring arrives, the air quality narrative shifts toward biological pollutants; high pollen counts from the surrounding Doukkala plains often trigger respiratory issues. This period also sees a rise in agricultural biomass burning, which introduces smoke and fine particulates into the urban canopy. Summer is typically the most ventilated season, as strong Atlantic sea breezes dominate the meteorological profile, effectively flushing out urban pollutants and maintaining a fresh maritime atmosphere. Despite this, intense solar radiation can catalyze the formation of ground-level ozone, particularly on stagnant afternoons. Autumn marks a transition, where the city may experience the "calima"—dust-laden winds blowing from the Sahara Desert—which significantly spikes particulate levels and reduces visibility. For sensitive groups, including asthmatics and the elderly, the late spring and autumn transitions are the most challenging periods. Outdoor activity is best favored during the breezy summer mornings or rainy winter days. Health guidance emphasizes monitoring dust events in autumn and avoiding peak agricultural burning windows in spring to minimize the inhalation of irritating organic aerosols.