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Bni Khloug, nestled within the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco, occupies a geographically significant position at approximately 32.65° latitude and -7.38° longitude. The town’s setting is characterized by a gently undulating terrain, part of the larger plains that stretch towards the Atlantic coast. Its elevation, while modest, contributes to localized microclimates and influences air circulation patterns. Bni Khloug is situated within a predominantly agricultural landscape, surrounded by fields cultivated with cereals, fruits, and vegetables – a typical feature of the Casablanca-Settat region. This proximity to agricultural zones introduces potential sources of air pollutants, particularly during harvesting and fertilizer application periods. The urban–rural gradient is relatively gradual, with smaller villages and rural settlements blending seamlessly into the town’s periphery. The Atlantic Ocean lies approximately 30 kilometers to the west, exerting a moderating influence on the local climate and occasionally bringing in maritime breezes that can disperse pollutants. While Bni Khloug itself isn't directly adjacent to major industrial belts, its location within the Casablanca-Settat region means it’s indirectly affected by industrial activity concentrated in Casablanca and surrounding areas. Prevailing winds generally blow from the northwest, carrying potential pollutants from these industrial centers. The surrounding landscape, a mix of arable land and scattered woodlands, plays a role in absorbing some pollutants, but the relatively flat topography can also trap stagnant air, especially during periods of calm weather, exacerbating local air quality challenges. The town’s size, with a population of around 12,092, means that local traffic and residential heating contribute to the overall air quality profile.

Bni Khloug’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by Morocco’s Mediterranean climate. The dry season, spanning roughly from April to October, typically sees the highest pollution concentrations. During these months, reduced rainfall and increased temperatures lead to a build-up of particulate matter and ozone, particularly during periods of stagnant air. Summer (July-August) often brings intense heat, which promotes photochemical smog formation as sunlight drives reactions between pollutants. The lack of significant rainfall allows dust from agricultural activities and regional sources to accumulate. Autumn (September-October) can be particularly challenging, with the lingering heat and reduced wind speeds creating conditions favorable for pollutant trapping. Conversely, the wet season (November to March) generally brings improved air quality. Rainfall effectively ‘washes’ pollutants from the atmosphere, and increased wind speeds associated with Atlantic weather systems help disperse them. Winter (December-February) is typically the cleanest period, although occasional cold spells can lead to temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air traps cooler air near the ground, preventing vertical mixing and potentially concentrating pollutants. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly during periods of high heat and calm winds. Limiting outdoor exertion during midday hours and avoiding areas with high traffic density are advisable. Maintaining indoor air quality through proper ventilation and air filtration can also provide relief.