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Zaouiet Says, a small city within the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco, occupies a relatively flat coastal plain at approximately 32.7931°N, -8.6506°W. Its location, just inland from the Atlantic Ocean, exerts a significant influence on its climate and, consequently, its air quality. The surrounding landscape is characterised by agricultural lands, primarily dedicated to market gardening and cereal production, interspersed with small industrial zones supporting the larger Casablanca metropolitan area. The city’s elevation is low, contributing to potential temperature inversions, particularly during calmer weather conditions. The proximity to Casablanca, a major industrial and port city, means Zaouiet Says is downwind of significant emissions sources for a considerable portion of the year. The urban-rural gradient is fairly sharp; transitioning quickly from the denser, built-up areas of Zaouiet Says to the more open agricultural fields. This proximity to both industry and agriculture creates a complex pollution profile. The Atlantic breezes offer some dispersion, but can also carry pollutants from the coast inland. The local terrain offers little natural shielding from prevailing winds, meaning pollutants can accumulate quickly during stagnant periods. Understanding these geographical factors is crucial for assessing and mitigating air quality challenges in Zaouiet Says.

Zaouiet Says experiences a Mediterranean climate, with distinct wet and dry seasons impacting air quality. Winter (November to February) often brings improved air quality due to increased rainfall which effectively scrubs the atmosphere of particulate matter. However, temperature inversions are common during these months, trapping pollutants near the ground when winds are calm. Spring (March to May) sees a gradual increase in agricultural activity, potentially raising dust and ammonia levels. Summer (June to August) is typically dry and hot, with strong Atlantic breezes offering some relief from pollution build-up, but also increasing the risk of ozone formation due to high temperatures and sunlight. Autumn (September to October) is a transitional period, often marked by stagnant air and a build-up of pollutants from both agricultural and industrial sources. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should be particularly cautious during autumn and winter. Months to avoid strenuous outdoor activity are November through February, and September/October. Monitoring wind direction is key; winds from the northeast often carry pollutants from Casablanca. Staying indoors during peak pollution periods and using air purifiers are recommended for vulnerable individuals.