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Getafe, Bohol, Philippines, nestled at approximately 10.15° N, 124.15° E, occupies a strategically important position within the island’s central region. The municipality’s geography is characterized by a gently undulating terrain, transitioning from coastal plains in the west to gradually rising hills inland. This topography influences local air circulation patterns; prevailing winds often funnel through the valleys, potentially concentrating pollutants in certain areas. Getafe sits relatively close to the Bohol Sea, a factor that can both disperse and, under specific meteorological conditions, trap pollutants. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of agricultural land – primarily rice paddies and coconut plantations – interspersed with small-scale farms cultivating various crops. This agricultural activity, while vital to the local economy, can contribute to particulate matter pollution, particularly during harvesting seasons when burning of crop residues may occur. The urban–rural gradient around Getafe is relatively smooth; the municipality itself is a small urban center, seamlessly blending into the surrounding rural areas. There are no major industrial belts immediately adjacent to Getafe, mitigating some industrial pollution risks. However, the proximity to Tagbilaran City, Bohol’s capital and a regional commercial hub, means that Getafe can be indirectly affected by air quality issues originating from that larger urban center. Elevation plays a minor role, with the municipality situated at a modest elevation, generally below 100 meters above sea level, limiting the potential for significant altitude-related air quality variations.

Getafe’s tropical climate dictates a distinct wet and dry season, profoundly impacting its air quality. The dry season, typically spanning from November to May, often sees a slight improvement in air quality due to increased wind speeds and solar radiation, which aids in the dispersion of pollutants. However, this period can also experience periods of stagnant air, particularly during anticyclonic conditions, leading to localized pollution build-up. Agricultural burning, a common practice for land clearing and residue disposal, is most prevalent during the transition from the wet to dry season (October-November), significantly elevating particulate matter levels. The wet season, from June to October, brings frequent rainfall and high humidity. While rainfall naturally helps to cleanse the atmosphere by removing particulate matter, the increased humidity can exacerbate respiratory issues for sensitive individuals. Fog, a relatively infrequent occurrence but possible during the wetter months, can trap pollutants near the ground, creating localized air quality concerns. Temperature inversions, though less common than in temperate climates, can occasionally occur, particularly during cooler nights, preventing vertical mixing and trapping pollutants. The months of November and December, coinciding with the peak of agricultural burning, are generally periods to exercise caution for those with respiratory sensitivities. During the dry season, particularly March and April, when winds are generally favorable, outdoor activities are typically more pleasant. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions, should monitor local conditions and limit exposure during periods of elevated particulate matter.