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Ajuy, a coastal municipality in the province of Iloilo, Philippines, occupies a geographically significant position on the island of Panay. Situated at coordinates 11.1725°N, 123.0196°E, the terrain is characterized by a relatively flat coastal plain transitioning into gently rolling hills inland. This low-lying topography, combined with its direct exposure to the Guimaras Strait, makes Ajuy particularly vulnerable to marine influences and weather systems originating from the southwest monsoon. The municipality’s 53,462 residents are largely engaged in agriculture, primarily rice farming and fishing, with a growing, though still limited, presence of small-scale commerce. The surrounding landscape is dominated by agricultural lands, interspersed with mangrove forests along the coastline, providing crucial ecosystem services. Air quality is intrinsically linked to this landscape; agricultural practices can contribute to particulate matter from burning and fertilizer use, while the coastal location means salt spray and marine aerosols are prevalent. The urban-rural gradient is pronounced, with the poblacion areas experiencing higher concentrations of localized emissions from transport and small businesses, while rural barangays benefit from greater atmospheric dispersion. Proximity to Iloilo City, a regional urban center, also introduces the potential for long-range transport of pollutants.

Ajuy experiences a distinct wet and dry season, heavily influenced by the prevailing monsoon winds. Air quality generally improves during the wet season (roughly June to November) as rainfall effectively scrubs the atmosphere of particulate matter and other pollutants. The southwest monsoon brings frequent showers and higher humidity, suppressing dust and reducing the concentration of airborne irritants. However, this period can also see increased mold spore counts, impacting respiratory health. The dry season (December to May) presents a different challenge. Reduced rainfall leads to increased dust levels, particularly from agricultural activities and unpaved roads. February and March are typically the driest months, and consequently, the period of potentially poorer air quality. Temperature inversions, though less frequent than in larger urban areas, can trap pollutants near the ground during calm mornings. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during these periods. Fog, common during the transition months, can exacerbate respiratory issues by trapping pollutants. Monitoring wind patterns is crucial; winds from the west can carry pollutants from neighboring areas, while easterly winds generally bring cleaner air.