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Buenavista, nestled in the province of Iloilo on the island of Panay in the Philippines, presents a unique geographic context influencing its air quality. Situated at coordinates 10.7000, 122.6300, the municipality enjoys a coastal position along the Visayan Sea. The terrain is characterized by a gentle slope rising inland from the shoreline, a common feature of the region’s alluvial plains. This proximity to the sea introduces a constant supply of moisture and influences local wind patterns. Buenavista’s urban character is largely rural, with a population of approximately 52,899, indicating a less concentrated source of industrial emissions compared to larger Philippine cities. However, surrounding agricultural zones, primarily rice paddies and coconut plantations, contribute to seasonal biomass burning, particularly after harvest. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural land dominating the immediate periphery. The surrounding landscape features rolling hills and scattered limestone formations. The prevailing winds, influenced by the monsoon seasons and the open sea, play a crucial role in dispersing or concentrating pollutants. The lack of significant elevation limits the potential for temperature inversions, but localized effects can occur, trapping pollutants near ground level, especially during calmer periods. The coastal location also means susceptibility to sea breezes carrying salt spray and potentially pollutants from maritime activity.

Buenavista experiences a distinct wet and dry season, profoundly impacting air quality. The dry season, typically from March to May, sees a peak in particulate matter due to agricultural practices like slash-and-burn farming to prepare fields for planting. Lower rainfall means less atmospheric cleansing, and stable air masses can trap pollutants. This period is less favourable for outdoor activity, particularly for those with respiratory conditions. The onset of the wet season, around June, brings relief as rainfall washes away accumulated pollutants. However, increased humidity can also foster mold growth, impacting indoor air quality. July to September are often the wettest months, generally offering the cleanest air. The *habagat* (southwest monsoon) dominates this period, bringing frequent rainfall and strong winds that disperse pollutants effectively. October to November represents a transitional period, with decreasing rainfall and a potential for localized biomass burning as farmers clear land after the harvest. December to February are generally drier, with moderate air quality. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory illnesses – should exercise caution during the dry season and monitor their health. Avoiding strenuous outdoor activity during peak pollution times is advisable.