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Miagao, nestled in the province of Iloilo on the island of Panay in the Philippines, presents a unique geographic context influencing its air quality. The municipality is characterized by a rolling terrain, transitioning from coastal plains to the foothills of the central Panay mountain range. Its coordinates (10.6442, 122.2352) place it directly along the western coast of Panay, facing the Visayan Sea. This proximity to a large body of water introduces a moderating influence on temperature but also potential for sea breezes to transport pollutants. The urban character of Miagao is largely defined by its agricultural surroundings; rice paddies and coconut plantations dominate the landscape, interspersed with smaller settlements. While not heavily industrialized, the region supports some small-scale manufacturing and processing of agricultural products. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with the poblacion (town center) being the most densely populated area. Air quality is affected by agricultural practices like burning of crop residue, particularly after harvest seasons. The terrain can also trap pollutants during periods of calm winds, leading to localized air quality issues. The surrounding mountains act as a barrier to air flow, potentially exacerbating pollution build-up. The overall landscape contributes to a complex interplay of factors impacting the city’s atmospheric composition.

Miagao experiences a distinct wet and dry season, heavily influencing its air quality. The dry season, typically from November to May, sees a peak in particulate matter due to increased agricultural burning for land preparation and harvesting. Calm winds during these months exacerbate the issue, trapping pollutants near the ground. February and March are often the driest and dustiest, making them less favourable for outdoor activities, particularly for those with respiratory conditions. The onset of the wet season, around June, brings relief as rainfall washes away pollutants and increased humidity suppresses dust. However, the southwest monsoon (Habagat) can also transport pollutants from other areas of Panay Island and potentially from nearby islands. July to September often experience the heaviest rainfall, resulting in the cleanest air. October and November see a transition period with decreasing rainfall and increasing agricultural activity, leading to a gradual deterioration in air quality. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with asthma – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during the dry season and monitor their health closely. Fog, though infrequent, can also trap pollutants during cooler mornings, particularly in the lower-lying areas.