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Mina, a municipality nestled within the province of Iloilo in the Philippines, presents a unique geographic context influencing its air quality. Located at 10.9300°N, 122.5800°E, the town occupies a coastal plain bordering the Visayan Sea. The terrain is generally flat, typical of alluvial plains formed by river sedimentation, with a gentle slope inland. This proximity to the sea introduces a constant supply of moisture and influences local wind patterns. Mina’s urban character is largely rural, with a population of approximately 24,042, indicating a relatively low population density compared to larger Philippine cities. However, the surrounding Iloilo province is experiencing agricultural intensification, particularly in rice cultivation, and some small-scale fishing industries operate along the coast. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, transitioning quickly from residential areas to agricultural lands. Air quality is potentially affected by sea breezes carrying salt spray, agricultural burning (though less prevalent than in other regions), and emissions from limited vehicular traffic and small-scale industries. The surrounding landscape is dominated by rice paddies, coconut groves, and mangrove forests, all of which contribute to the local ecosystem and potentially influence pollutant dispersion. The relatively low elevation minimizes temperature inversions, but regional weather systems can still trap pollutants.

Mina, Iloilo, experiences a pronounced wet and dry season, dictating the patterns of air quality throughout the year. The dry season, typically from March to May, sees a peak in particulate matter due to increased dust from unpaved roads and agricultural activities. Lower rainfall means less atmospheric cleansing, and stable atmospheric conditions can lead to localized pollutant build-up. Conversely, the wet season, spanning June to November, brings relief with frequent rainfall washing away pollutants and higher humidity suppressing dust. However, the southwest monsoon (Habagat) can also transport pollutants from other areas of Panay Island. December to February represents a transition period with generally improved air quality, though occasional localized burning for land preparation can cause temporary spikes. For those with respiratory sensitivities, avoiding outdoor exertion during the peak of the dry season (April-May) is advisable. The months of September and October, during the tail end of the monsoon, can also see increased humidity and potential for mold growth, impacting respiratory health. Monitoring wind direction during agricultural practices is crucial. Overall, the wet season offers the most favourable conditions for outdoor activities, while the dry season requires increased vigilance.