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Macrohon, Southern Leyte, Philippines, occupies a strategic coastal position on the eastern coast of the island of Leyte, nestled within the Visayas region. Its coordinates (10.0797° N, 124.9431° E) place it within a predominantly rural landscape characterized by rolling hills and verdant agricultural lands. The town is bordered by the Philippine Sea to the east, providing a significant influence on local weather patterns and potential for sea breezes. Elevation varies, with the terrain generally sloping upwards from the coastline, reaching modest heights inland. This topography can influence air circulation, potentially trapping pollutants in certain areas during periods of low wind. Macrohon’s urban character is distinctly provincial; it’s a small municipality with a primarily agricultural economy, centered around coconut farming, fishing, and small-scale commerce. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of coconut plantations, rice paddies, and scattered settlements, representing a gradual urban–rural gradient. While Macrohon itself lacks major industrial zones, its proximity to larger towns in Southern Leyte and the wider Visayas region means it can be indirectly affected by industrial emissions transported by prevailing winds. The coastal location also means that marine aerosols and salt spray contribute to the local atmospheric composition. The town’s geography, therefore, presents a complex interplay of natural factors that shape its air quality, influenced by both local sources and regional transport.

Macrohon’s tropical climate dictates a distinct wet and dry season, profoundly impacting its air quality. The dry season, typically spanning from March to May, often sees a slight increase in particulate matter due to agricultural burning practices – clearing land for planting or managing crop residue. While not widespread industrial activity contributes, the cumulative effect of these localized burns can be noticeable. The wet season, from June to November, brings frequent rainfall and increased humidity, generally leading to improved air quality as precipitation washes away pollutants and higher humidity traps particulate matter. However, periods of intense rainfall can also lead to flooding, which can temporarily release pollutants from inundated areas. The northeast monsoon (Amihan), from October to February, brings cooler temperatures and stronger winds, dispersing pollutants and further improving air quality. Fog, particularly during the transition months (November/December and March/April), can occasionally trap pollutants near the ground, creating localized pockets of reduced visibility and potentially impacting air quality in low-lying areas. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during periods of agricultural burning in the dry season and be mindful of potential fog events. Outdoor activities are generally more favorable during the wet season and the cooler, windier months of the northeast monsoon, although sudden downpours are always a possibility. The interplay of these meteorological factors creates a dynamic air quality profile throughout the year.