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Strzegom, nestled within the Dolnośląskie Voivodeship of Poland, occupies a geographically significant position within the Świebodzice Hills, a gently undulating landscape marking a transition between the Sudetes Mountains to the southwest and the Lower Silesian Plain. Located at approximately 50.96° N, 16.34° E, the town sits at an elevation of around 180 meters above sea level, contributing to localized microclimates and influencing air circulation patterns. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, characterized by arable fields and pastures, interspersed with pockets of woodland and small forests. This rural setting, while aesthetically pleasing, introduces agricultural emissions – ammonia from livestock and fertilizers – which can impact local air quality. Strzegom’s proximity to the Nysa Łużycka river, though not directly bordering it, influences humidity levels and can affect the dispersion of pollutants, particularly during periods of stagnant air. The town’s urban character is relatively compact, a traditional market town with a discernible urban–rural gradient extending outwards. While not situated within a major industrial belt, it benefits from its location within the broader Lower Silesian region, which has historically supported mining and manufacturing activities. These activities, though generally located further afield, can contribute to regional background pollution levels that occasionally impact Strzegom. The topography, with its gentle slopes, can trap cold air during winter inversions, exacerbating pollution episodes. The overall geographic setting presents a complex interplay of natural and anthropogenic factors affecting air quality.

Strzegom’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological conditions. Winter months (December-February) typically present the greatest challenges. Cold temperatures lead to increased heating demand, primarily reliant on solid fuels in some households, resulting in elevated particulate matter concentrations. Furthermore, frequent temperature inversions trap pollutants near the ground, creating stagnant air conditions. Fog, common during these months, further restricts dispersion. Spring (March-May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and wind speeds increase, diluting pollutants. However, agricultural activities intensify, releasing ammonia and other emissions. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, with warm temperatures, frequent rainfall, and robust wind patterns promoting pollutant dispersion. However, occasional heatwaves can lead to ozone formation, a secondary pollutant. Autumn (September-November) sees a transition period, with decreasing temperatures and increasing humidity. Agricultural burning, a traditional practice in some areas, can contribute to localized pollution spikes. The wet/dry seasonal pattern is less pronounced than in tropical climates, but rainfall plays a crucial role in removing particulate matter from the atmosphere. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during winter months, limiting outdoor activity on days with poor visibility or reports of elevated pollution. Spring and autumn require awareness of agricultural emissions and potential burning events. During summer heatwaves, limiting strenuous outdoor activity during peak ozone hours is advisable.