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Ustka, a charming coastal town in the Pomorskie Voivodeship of Poland, occupies a unique geographic position where the Słupia River meets the Baltic Sea. Situated at 54.5833°N, 16.8500°E, the terrain is relatively flat, characteristic of the Pomeranian coastal plain, with an elevation generally below 50 meters. This low-lying landscape, combined with its direct exposure to Baltic winds, significantly influences local air quality. The town’s urban character is defined by its port, recreational beaches, and a growing tourism sector. Surrounding Ustka are extensive agricultural lands, primarily used for cereal crops and dairy farming, and patches of mixed forests. While not heavily industrialized itself, Ustka is within reach of larger industrial zones further inland, particularly around Gdańsk and Gdynia, meaning long-range transport of pollutants is a factor. The urban-rural gradient is fairly sharp; moving inland quickly transitions from coastal development to open farmland and woodland. The Baltic Sea acts as both a source of clean air through prevailing westerly winds and, occasionally, a conduit for marine aerosols and pollutants from shipping traffic. The river Słupia, while generally clean, can contribute to localised humidity and potentially trap pollutants during calm conditions. This interplay of land, sea, and agricultural activity shapes Ustka’s air quality profile.

Ustka’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Winter (December-February) often sees poorer air quality due to increased reliance on coal and wood burning for heating, coupled with frequent temperature inversions trapping pollutants near the ground. Calm, stable weather systems are common, hindering dispersion. Spring (March-May) brings improvement as temperatures rise and heating demand decreases, but agricultural activities like fertilisation can introduce ammonia and particulate matter. Summer (June-August) generally offers the cleanest air, benefiting from strong westerly winds blowing off the Baltic Sea and increased atmospheric mixing. However, increased tourist activity and associated vehicle emissions can cause localised spikes. Autumn (September-November) is a transitional period. The return to heating, combined with damp conditions and fog, can lead to increased particulate matter concentrations. October and November are typically the months with the most consistently poor air quality. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter and autumn. Monitoring wind direction is crucial; onshore winds can bring marine pollutants, while offshore winds generally improve conditions. Avoiding peak traffic hours and staying informed about local weather patterns are also recommended.