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Popeşti-Leordeni, situated in Ilfov County, Romania, occupies a transitional zone between the urban sprawl of Bucharest and the surrounding agricultural landscapes. Located at coordinates 44.3800, 26.1700, the city benefits from relatively flat terrain, typical of the Romanian Plain, with an elevation generally below 100 meters. This low-lying geography, coupled with its proximity to the Dâmbovița River, can contribute to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants during calm weather conditions. The city’s rapid development over recent decades has seen a shift from predominantly agricultural land use to residential and light industrial areas, particularly along major transport corridors connecting it to Bucharest. This urban–rural gradient is pronounced, with agricultural fields still prevalent in the immediate surroundings. The prevailing winds generally flow from the northwest, potentially carrying pollutants from industrial zones further inland. The proximity to Bucharest, a major source of emissions, significantly influences Popeşti-Leordeni’s air quality. The lack of substantial natural barriers allows for easy pollutant transport, making the city susceptible to regional air pollution events. Understanding this interplay between local development, agricultural practices, and regional influences is crucial for effective air quality management in Popeşti-Leordeni.

Air quality in Popeşti-Leordeni exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern. Winter, from December to February, often sees the poorest air quality due to increased residential heating with solid fuels – wood and coal – combined with frequent temperature inversions. These inversions trap pollutants near the ground, leading to stagnant air and higher concentrations of particulate matter. Spring (March-May) brings some improvement as temperatures rise and heating demand decreases, but agricultural activities, including burning of agricultural waste, can temporarily worsen conditions. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, aided by prevailing winds and higher atmospheric mixing, though occasional heatwaves can exacerbate ozone formation. However, increased traffic during holiday periods can offset some of these benefits. Autumn (September-November) is a transitional period. As heating begins again, pollution levels start to climb, and the increased moisture can contribute to fog formation, trapping pollutants. Sensitive individuals – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter and autumn months. Monitoring wind direction is also advisable, as pollutants from Bucharest can significantly impact local air quality. Avoiding peak traffic hours can further reduce exposure.