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Novozybkov, situated in Bryanskaya Oblast’ of Russia, occupies a geographically significant position within the Central Russian Upland. Located at approximately 52.53° N, 31.93° E, the city’s terrain is gently undulating, characterized by low hills and valleys sculpted by glacial activity during the Pleistocene epoch. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, a patchwork of fertile fields and pastures, reflecting the region’s historical reliance on farming. The Desna River, a major tributary of the Dnieper, flows nearby, influencing local microclimates and providing a potential pathway for pollutant transport. Novozybkov’s elevation averages around 180 meters above sea level, contributing to occasional temperature inversions, particularly during colder months. While not directly adjacent to a major industrial belt, the Bryansk region does contain some industrial activity, primarily focused on forestry and processing, which can contribute to regional air pollution. The urban–rural gradient around Novozybkov is relatively gradual; the city blends seamlessly into the agricultural landscape, with small villages and rural settlements dotting the surrounding countryside. This proximity to agricultural lands means that seasonal agricultural practices, such as fertilizer application and harvesting, can impact local air quality. The city’s location within a relatively flat, broad valley can also lead to the stagnation of pollutants, especially when wind speeds are low, hindering dispersion and exacerbating localized air quality issues. The prevailing westerly winds, typical of the region, generally carry pollutants eastward, though local topography can significantly alter this pattern.

Novozybkov’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological conditions. Winter (December-February) often presents the most challenging period. Cold temperatures frequently lead to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground and resulting in periods of reduced visibility and elevated concentrations of particulate matter. Fog, common during these months, further exacerbates the problem by limiting dispersion. Spring (March-May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and wind speeds increase, helping to disperse pollutants. However, agricultural activities, including the application of fertilizers and the burning of crop residues, can introduce localized spikes in air pollution. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, with warmer temperatures, stronger winds, and frequent rainfall contributing to effective pollutant removal. However, occasional heatwaves can lead to stagnant air conditions. Autumn (September-November) sees a return to more variable conditions. As temperatures cool, the risk of temperature inversions increases, and agricultural activities resume, contributing to fluctuating air quality. The months of October and November are particularly susceptible to poor air quality due to a combination of cooler temperatures, reduced wind speeds, and agricultural emissions. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit prolonged outdoor activity during periods of stagnant air, particularly in the winter months. Staying informed about local weather forecasts and air quality reports is crucial for making informed decisions about outdoor exposure.