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Chita, the administrative center of Zabaykal'skiy Kray in southeastern Siberia, Russia, occupies a strategic position at the confluence of the Chita and Ingoda rivers, approximately 620 kilometers east of Lake Baikal. Situated at coordinates 52.0500°N, 113.4667°E, the city lies within the Transbaikal region, characterized by a continental basin surrounded by the Yablonovy and Chersky mountain ranges to the west and north, respectively. At an elevation of around 650 meters above sea level, Chita's urban core spreads across a relatively flat river valley, while its outskirts transition into rolling hills and taiga forests, creating a distinct urban–rural gradient. This topography significantly influences air quality, as the encircling mountains can trap pollutants within the valley, particularly during temperature inversions common in winter. The city's location in a remote, resource-rich region supports general urban pollution sources, including residential heating, vehicle emissions, and some industrial activities tied to mining and timber processing in the surrounding areas. Proximity to the Ingoda River provides some natural ventilation, but limited water bodies in the immediate vicinity reduce humidity-driven cleansing effects. Chita's position along the Trans-Siberian Railway and near the Chinese border fosters economic activity that contributes to localized emissions, while the vast, sparsely populated Siberian landscape beyond the urban zone offers occasional relief through wind dispersal, though cold, stagnant conditions often prevail.

In Chita, air quality follows a pronounced seasonal pattern driven by its harsh continental climate, with pollution levels peaking during the cold months and improving in warmer seasons. Winter, from December to February, sees the worst air quality due to intense temperature inversions that trap pollutants near the ground, compounded by increased emissions from coal and wood burning for residential heating. Sensitive groups, such as those with respiratory or cardiovascular conditions, should limit outdoor activities during this period, especially on calm, foggy days. Spring, from March to May, brings gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, dispersing accumulated pollutants, though late snowmelt and occasional dust storms from arid regions can cause temporary spikes. Summer, from June to August, offers the best air quality, with warmer temperatures, higher atmospheric mixing, and frequent breezes from the surrounding mountains reducing pollution concentrations—ideal for outdoor recreation. Autumn, from September to November, sees a decline in air quality as temperatures drop and heating systems restart, with October and November often experiencing moderate pollution due to reduced wind speeds and early inversions. Throughout the year, weather hazards like fog and low wind speeds exacerbate pollution episodes, while the absence of monsoons means rainfall plays a minor role in cleansing the air. Residents and visitors should monitor local weather reports for inversion warnings and plan outdoor activities for summer months or windy days in other seasons to minimize exposure.