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Rokupr, nestled in Northern Sierra Leone at coordinates 9.0109, -12.9489, is a relatively small urban centre with a population of approximately 12,744. The town’s geography is defined by its position within the undulating terrain of the Northern Province, a region characterised by savanna woodlands and granite outcrops. Rokupr isn’t situated directly on a major waterway, but lies within the broader watershed of rivers flowing towards the Atlantic Ocean. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with subsistence farming of crops like rice, cassava, and groundnuts being the dominant land use. This agricultural activity, while vital to the local economy, contributes to particulate matter pollution through land clearing and seasonal burning. The urban-rural gradient is quite sharp; Rokupr itself is a concentrated settlement, quickly giving way to rural farmland and forested areas. The lack of significant industrial development within Rokupr itself is a mitigating factor, however, regional transport routes passing nearby could introduce pollutants from other areas. Elevation plays a role, influencing air dispersion, though the relatively low altitude limits strong vertical mixing. The prevailing winds, influenced by the West African monsoon, are crucial in determining pollutant dispersal patterns, often carrying dust from inland areas.

Rokupr experiences a distinct tropical climate with a pronounced wet and dry season, rather than traditional four seasons. Air quality is most compromised during the dry season (November to April). This is due to increased dust from unpaved roads and agricultural activities, coupled with reduced rainfall to wash pollutants from the atmosphere. Harmattan winds, originating from the Sahara, bring significant amounts of dust, exacerbating particulate matter levels. Temperature inversions, common during the cooler nights of the dry season, trap pollutants near ground level. The wet season (May to October) generally offers improved air quality as rainfall effectively cleanses the air. However, increased humidity can promote mould growth, potentially impacting respiratory health. September and October, towards the end of the rainy season, can see a resurgence of localised pollution from damp agricultural waste. For sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – avoiding outdoor exertion during peak dry season dust events is advisable. Monitoring local conditions and limiting exposure during periods of visible haze is crucial. The transition months (April/May and October/November) require increased vigilance as conditions fluctuate.