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Pyeongtaek, situated in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, occupies a strategic position approximately 70 kilometers south of Seoul, placing it within the broader Seoul Capital Area's industrial and urban sphere. The city's geography is characterized by a mix of coastal plains and gentle hills, with an average elevation around 50 meters above sea level, sloping towards the Yellow Sea to the west. This coastal proximity, about 15 kilometers from Asan Bay, influences local microclimates but also exposes the area to maritime air masses that can transport pollutants. Pyeongtaek lies within the Gyeonggi agricultural belt, with surrounding rice paddies and farmland, yet it has rapidly urbanized, creating a distinct urban-rural gradient. The city is part of the West Coast Industrial Region, hosting the Pyeongtaek Port and industrial complexes that contribute to regional air pollution. Its location downwind from the Seoul metropolitan area means it often receives transported pollutants via prevailing westerly winds, particularly during certain seasons. The terrain, relatively flat with some low hills to the east, can facilitate pollutant dispersion but also lead to stagnation under specific meteorological conditions. This geographic setting, combined with its role as a logistics hub and military center (home to U.S. Army Garrison Humphreys), shapes air quality through a blend of local emissions and regional influences.

In Pyeongtaek, air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern influenced by East Asian monsoons and local meteorology. During winter (December to February), pollution often peaks due to increased heating emissions, temperature inversions that trap pollutants near the ground, and occasional stagnant conditions with weak winds. Cold, dry air from the northwest can carry fine dust from industrial areas and China, making January and February particularly challenging for outdoor activities, especially for sensitive groups like children and the elderly who should limit prolonged exposure. Spring (March to May) sees variable conditions; early spring may experience yellow dust storms from the Gobi Desert, while later months benefit from stronger winds and rain that cleanse the air, making April and May more favorable for outdoor pursuits. Summer (June to August) brings the East Asian monsoon, with heavy rainfall in July and August that significantly reduces particulate matter, though high humidity and occasional heatwaves can elevate ozone levels on sunny days. Autumn (September to November) generally offers the best air quality, with clear skies, moderate temperatures, and steady winds dispersing pollutants, making October ideal for hiking or cycling. Throughout the year, residents should monitor local air quality indices and plan activities accordingly, with winter requiring extra caution and autumn providing optimal conditions for health and recreation.