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Salou, nestled on the Costa Daurada in Catalonia, Spain, presents a unique geographic profile significantly influencing its air quality. Situated at 41.0770° N, 1.1440° E, the city enjoys a coastal location with a relatively low elevation, averaging around 10-20 meters above sea level. This proximity to the Mediterranean Sea moderates temperatures but also introduces maritime influences on air circulation. The surrounding landscape is characterized by a blend of sandy beaches, gently sloping hills, and agricultural land, primarily dedicated to vineyards and orchards. To the west lies the Serra de Montsant mountain range, which can occasionally trap pollutants under specific meteorological conditions. The urban–rural gradient is relatively smooth; Salou seamlessly transitions from a densely populated tourist hub to agricultural areas within a short distance. The city’s position within the broader Tarragona industrial belt, though not directly adjacent, means it can be affected by emissions transported by prevailing winds. The Ebro River Delta, located further inland, contributes to regional humidity and can influence fog formation, impacting pollutant dispersion. Salou’s urban character is defined by its tourism-focused development, with a high concentration of hotels, restaurants, and recreational facilities. This leads to increased traffic density, particularly during peak tourist seasons, which contributes to localized pollution sources. The terrain, being largely flat near the coast, doesn't naturally promote air mixing, potentially exacerbating the impact of emissions.

Salou’s air quality exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by Mediterranean climate and prevailing weather systems. Summers (June-August) are typically hot and dry, often accompanied by stagnant air conditions and temperature inversions, particularly during July and August. These inversions trap pollutants close to the ground, leading to a potential build-up of emissions from traffic and nearby industrial areas. The lack of significant rainfall during these months further limits pollutant removal. Spring (March-May) and Autumn (September-November) generally offer improved air quality due to increased wind speeds and occasional rainfall, which helps to disperse and wash away pollutants. However, autumn can experience episodes of Saharan dust intrusion, impacting visibility and respiratory health. Winters (December-February) are mild and wetter, with more frequent rainfall events that naturally cleanse the atmosphere. Fog, common during winter mornings, can temporarily reduce air quality by trapping pollutants in a localized area. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during summer months, limiting strenuous outdoor activities during peak heat and potential pollution episodes. Spring and autumn are generally favorable for outdoor recreation, but awareness of Saharan dust events is crucial. During winter, while overall air quality is better, fog can create localized pockets of poor air quality, requiring vigilance.