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Kévé, a small city in Togo’s Maritime Region, is situated at coordinates 6.4278° N, 0.9245° E, placing it relatively close to the Gulf of Guinea. The terrain is generally flat, characteristic of the coastal plains of southern Togo, with an elevation hovering around sea level. This low-lying geography significantly influences air quality, limiting natural dispersion of pollutants. Kévé’s urban character is evolving, transitioning from a primarily agricultural community to one with increasing commercial activity. The surrounding landscape is dominated by coastal vegetation, interspersed with small-scale farming, particularly coconut plantations and vegetable gardens. While not a major industrial hub itself, Kévé’s proximity to Lomé, Togo’s capital and primary port, means it experiences some degree of indirect industrial influence through transport corridors. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; moving inland quickly leads to more extensive agricultural land. The prevailing winds, generally from the southwest during the wet season, can carry pollutants from Lomé towards Kévé, exacerbating local air quality issues. The coastal location also means a higher degree of humidity and potential for salt spray, which can interact with pollutants to form corrosive aerosols. This combination of factors creates a unique air quality profile for Kévé.

Kévé experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons, profoundly impacting air quality. The dry season, typically from November to March, sees a build-up of particulate matter. Harmattan winds, originating from the Sahara, transport dust and sand southward, significantly degrading air quality. Reduced rainfall during this period also limits the natural cleansing of the atmosphere. February and March are often the months with the poorest air quality. Conversely, the wet season, spanning April to October, brings relief. Heavy rainfall effectively washes away pollutants, leading to improved air quality. However, increased humidity can also promote the formation of mold and mildew, potentially triggering respiratory issues. August and September, the peak of the rainy season, generally offer the best air quality. Temperature inversions, though less frequent than in temperate climates, can occur during the transition periods between seasons, trapping pollutants near the ground. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during the dry season and be mindful of potential mold exposure during the wet season. Monitoring local weather patterns is crucial for proactive health management.