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Tabligbo, nestled in Togo’s Maritime Region, occupies a strategically important position along the primary transport corridor connecting Lomé, the capital, to the north. Located at approximately 6.58°N, 1.50°E, the city’s geography is characterized by a gently undulating terrain transitioning from coastal plains to a gradually rising plateau. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of small-scale agriculture, primarily cocoa and coffee plantations, interspersed with dense tropical forests. This agricultural activity, while vital to the local economy, contributes to potential particulate matter emissions, particularly during harvesting and processing seasons. The city sits relatively close to the Atlantic Ocean, influencing humidity levels and prevailing wind patterns. While not directly on the coast, the proximity to the ocean moderates temperatures and can occasionally introduce marine aerosols into the air. Tabligbo’s urban form is developing, exhibiting a clear urban–rural gradient as it expands outwards. The core area is denser, with markets and commercial activity, while the periphery blends into the agricultural landscape. There are no major industrial belts immediately adjacent to Tabligbo, but the transport route passing through it sees significant truck traffic, a key source of nitrogen oxides and particulate pollution. The elevation, though modest, creates localized microclimates that can trap pollutants, especially during periods of reduced wind. The surrounding forests, while generally beneficial for air quality, can also release biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) which, under certain conditions, can contribute to ozone formation.

Tabligbo experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons, significantly impacting air quality dynamics. The dry season, typically spanning from November to March, often sees a noticeable increase in particulate matter concentrations. Reduced rainfall and lower humidity allow dust and agricultural emissions to linger in the atmosphere. Furthermore, the lack of consistent wind during this period can lead to stagnant air conditions, exacerbating the problem. Temperature inversions, where cooler air is trapped beneath a layer of warmer air, are more frequent during the dry season, further hindering pollutant dispersion. The wet season, from April to October, brings frequent rainfall which naturally cleanses the air, washing away particulate matter and reducing overall pollution levels. However, heavy rainfall can also lead to increased fungal spores and pollen, impacting respiratory health for sensitive individuals. The months of January and February often present the most challenging air quality conditions due to the combination of dry, dusty winds and temperature inversions. Conversely, July and August, during the peak of the wet season, generally offer the best air quality. Individuals with respiratory conditions, such as asthma, and young children should exercise caution during the dry season, limiting outdoor activities during peak pollution periods and ensuring adequate ventilation indoors. Agricultural workers should be mindful of dust exposure during land preparation and harvesting, utilizing appropriate protective measures.